NST 10 Exam 1 2025 Questions and
Answers
recent changes in nutirional disorders - ANSWER✔✔-- used to be:
vitamin/mineral/protein/calorie deficiency and infectious disease
- now: nutrition/metabolism based
obesity demographics and trends - ANSWER✔✔-- prevalence increasing everywhere
(not just in US/affluent countries)
- not just middle age and up
- poorer you are = more overweight
- related to CV, diabetes, liver disease, etc.
- obesity expanding and worsening since 1985
2023 obesity - ANSWER✔✔-- our generation = shorter lifespan than parents (for the
first time since beginning of 20th century)
- inequity in health
,- public health budgets = threatened
obesity - ANSWER✔✔-disorder of body fat (excess body fat relative to lean tissue)
- BMI > 30 = obese
- BMI > 27 = overweight
BMI downfalls - ANSWER✔✔-- obesity = defined by body
fat stores, not muscle or other types of weight (but
it is convenient and usually works)
- BMI obesity standards very based on age and sex and ethnic group
prevalance is higher in... - ANSWER✔✔-- lower socio-economic groups (opposite
historical pattern and iconic imagery)
- minority groups in US
prevalence increasing in... - ANSWER✔✔-- young people (more young people have
adult diabetes)
- less developed countries
excess body weight = normal ? - ANSWER✔✔-basic difference between body fatness
and these other traits: the serious adverse health consequences
diseases associated w/ obesity - ANSWER✔✔-- Diabetes mellitus (type 2)
,- high blood pressure
- dyslipidemia (high blood cholesterol)
- CV and stroke
- liver disease
- cancers (colon, prostate, breast) cannot be reversed by losing weight
- gall bladder disease
- reproductive dysfunction
- depression
- sleep/breathing disturbance (sleep apnea)
- cognitive dysfunction (alzheimers)
- skin disorders (acne)
importance of nutrition - ANSWER✔✔-- public health problems can be cured by
nutritional discoveries
ex) rickets and vitamin D, anemia and iron folate, pellegra ("diarrhea, dermatitis,
dementia" ) believed to be due to
infection, not diet --> Adding a nutrient to bread ended a lethal epidemic affecting
millions of Americans!!!
, Macronutrients - ANSWER✔✔-Carbs, Protein, Fats, alchohol?
(also makeup a food --> minerals, vitamins, water)
Gastrointestinal tract (GT) - ANSWER✔✔-gateway where food becomes a nutrient
(nutrients are only nutrients when the body takes them in --> and the gut decides what
to take in)
lumen of GT (from mouth to rectum)... - ANSWER✔✔-- faces outside the body
- is where mucus is
- protects against infection
- protects against toxins
- alters peripheral metabolic responses (releases hormones)
- alters feeding behavior (ex. "vegal response" or throwing up when u see something
intense)
GT accessory organs: - ANSWER✔✔-salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder
pancreas functions - ANSWER✔✔-- secretes hormones that control other organs
- has enzymes (speeds up break down processes but can't break things down alone)
gut cell turnover - ANSWER✔✔-- gut sacrifices itself
- cells on outside only last 3 days
Answers
recent changes in nutirional disorders - ANSWER✔✔-- used to be:
vitamin/mineral/protein/calorie deficiency and infectious disease
- now: nutrition/metabolism based
obesity demographics and trends - ANSWER✔✔-- prevalence increasing everywhere
(not just in US/affluent countries)
- not just middle age and up
- poorer you are = more overweight
- related to CV, diabetes, liver disease, etc.
- obesity expanding and worsening since 1985
2023 obesity - ANSWER✔✔-- our generation = shorter lifespan than parents (for the
first time since beginning of 20th century)
- inequity in health
,- public health budgets = threatened
obesity - ANSWER✔✔-disorder of body fat (excess body fat relative to lean tissue)
- BMI > 30 = obese
- BMI > 27 = overweight
BMI downfalls - ANSWER✔✔-- obesity = defined by body
fat stores, not muscle or other types of weight (but
it is convenient and usually works)
- BMI obesity standards very based on age and sex and ethnic group
prevalance is higher in... - ANSWER✔✔-- lower socio-economic groups (opposite
historical pattern and iconic imagery)
- minority groups in US
prevalence increasing in... - ANSWER✔✔-- young people (more young people have
adult diabetes)
- less developed countries
excess body weight = normal ? - ANSWER✔✔-basic difference between body fatness
and these other traits: the serious adverse health consequences
diseases associated w/ obesity - ANSWER✔✔-- Diabetes mellitus (type 2)
,- high blood pressure
- dyslipidemia (high blood cholesterol)
- CV and stroke
- liver disease
- cancers (colon, prostate, breast) cannot be reversed by losing weight
- gall bladder disease
- reproductive dysfunction
- depression
- sleep/breathing disturbance (sleep apnea)
- cognitive dysfunction (alzheimers)
- skin disorders (acne)
importance of nutrition - ANSWER✔✔-- public health problems can be cured by
nutritional discoveries
ex) rickets and vitamin D, anemia and iron folate, pellegra ("diarrhea, dermatitis,
dementia" ) believed to be due to
infection, not diet --> Adding a nutrient to bread ended a lethal epidemic affecting
millions of Americans!!!
, Macronutrients - ANSWER✔✔-Carbs, Protein, Fats, alchohol?
(also makeup a food --> minerals, vitamins, water)
Gastrointestinal tract (GT) - ANSWER✔✔-gateway where food becomes a nutrient
(nutrients are only nutrients when the body takes them in --> and the gut decides what
to take in)
lumen of GT (from mouth to rectum)... - ANSWER✔✔-- faces outside the body
- is where mucus is
- protects against infection
- protects against toxins
- alters peripheral metabolic responses (releases hormones)
- alters feeding behavior (ex. "vegal response" or throwing up when u see something
intense)
GT accessory organs: - ANSWER✔✔-salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder
pancreas functions - ANSWER✔✔-- secretes hormones that control other organs
- has enzymes (speeds up break down processes but can't break things down alone)
gut cell turnover - ANSWER✔✔-- gut sacrifices itself
- cells on outside only last 3 days
