PHARMACOLOOGY, TOXICOLOGY,
PHARMACOKINETICS
PHARMACOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY, PHARMACOKINETICS
1. Two dose-response curve response plotted on the same graph showed sigmoid curves having the same
slope and height. T curve is located to the right of the A curve. Which of the following statements is/are
correct regarding curves A an:
I. A is more effective than B
II. A is more potent than B
III. A and B have the same ceiling dose
IV. B is the graph produced when A is given with its competitive antagonist
V. B is the graph produced when A is given with its non-competitive antagonist
a. Only I and III are correct
b. Only II, III and IV are correct
c. Only II and IV are correct
d. Only III and V are correct
e. Only V is correct
2. Two dose-response curve plotted on the same graph showed sigmoid curves A and B, where A is at the left
of the graph with the height greater than B. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding
curves A and B?
I. A and B has equal efficacy
II. A and B have equal potency
III. B is a partial agonist of A
IV. B is the graph produced when A is given with its competitive antagonist
V. B is the graph produced when A is given with its non-competitive antagonist
, a. Only I and III are correct %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
b. Only II, III and IV are correct %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
c. Only II and IV are correct %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
d. Only III and V are correct %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
e. Only V is correct %tg %tg %tg
3. The cumulative number of subjects who display a certain rersponse or effect to a drug is plotted
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
on a graph as shown below. The graph on the left represents beneficial effect while the graph
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
on the right represents toxic effect, what is the therapeutic index of the drug?
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
a.0.5 b. 1.5 c. 2.5 d.4.0 e. 5.0 %tg %tg %tg
4. An administration of one drug leads to a shift in the log dose-response curve of another drug
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
to the left a range in the maximal efficacy, this is called
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
a. Agonism
b. Partial agonism %tg
c. Non-competitive antagonism %tg
d. Competitive antagonism %tg
e. Potentiation
5. The action of this drug is dependent on a colligative property
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
a. Mannitol
b. Cocaine
c. Reserpine
d. Furosemide
e. Losartan
6. Whiich of the following drug groups have mechanisms of aaction that involve binding to enzymes
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
as target protiens
%tg %tg %tg
a. Benzodiazepines
b. Barbiturates
c. Calcium channel blockers %tg %tg
d. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents %tg %tg
e. Phenothiazine antipsychotics %tg
7. Voltage-gated ion channels serve as site of actions for drugs such as
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
I. Diltiazem and Nifedipine %tg %tg
II. Lidocaine and Procaine %tg %tg
III. Captopril and Losartan %tg %tg
a. I only %tg
b. I and II %tg %tg
c. III only %tg
, d. I and III %tg %tg
e. I, II, and III %tg %tg %tg
8. Drugs with mechanism of action that involves Tubulin-binding leading to loss of function of the
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
structural protien include
%tg %tg %tg
a. Cyclosporine
b. Neostigmine
c. Colchicine
d. Glibenclamide
e. Metformin
9. What type of protien is primarily targeted by Digitalis glycosides when they exert their effect on
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
the heart?
%tg %tg
a. Receptors
b. Ion channels %tg
c. Enzymes
d. Transporters
e. Structural protiens %tg
10. Which of the following features cahracterize nicotinic, GABA-A, and Glutamate receptors?
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
a. Thay control the movements of ions and out of the cell
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
b. Their action is mediated bysecondary messengers
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
c. They all have excitatory effect on the cell membrane
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
d. They are located on the cytoplasm %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
11. Which of the following drugs bind to receptors located at the cell membrane?
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
a. Thyroid hormone %tg
b. Prednisone
c. Estrogen
d. Insulin
e. Vitamin D %tg
12. Cyclic Adenosine Monophophate (cAMP) is generated as a secondary messenger by the
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
action of the enzyme Adenylyl Cyclase. The substrate for the synthesis of cAMP is
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
a. AMD
b. ADP
c. ATP
d. GTP
e. Adenosine
13. Stimulation of Beta-adrenoceptor, a G-protien-linked receptor involves a generation of a
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
secondary messenger known as
%tg %tg %tg %tg
a. IP3
b. cGTP
c. DAG
d. cAMP
e. Calcium ions %tg
14. What is the mechanism of action of Sildenafil, a drug popularly known as viagra?
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
a. Inhibits phosphodiesterase (PDE) leading to increase cAMP
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
b. Inhibits PDE leading to increase cGMP %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
c. Stimulates adenylyl cyclase leading to increase cAMP %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
d. Stimulates guanylyl cyclase leading to increase cGMP %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
e. Inhibits phosphodiesterase leading to increase cGMP
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
15. Drugs that activate the phospholipase C-inositol phosphate system such as alpha-adrenergic
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
agonists like phenylephrine primarily cause an increase in the intracellular levels of which
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
ion?
%tg
a. Calcium
, b. Magnesium
c. Sodium
d. Potassium
e. Chloride
16. Which of the following stetements characterizes competitive antagonism?
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
a. There is a shift of the agonist log concentration-effect curve to the right and downwards
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg % t g %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
b. There is a shift of the agonist log concentration-effect curve to the right without a
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
change on the slope or amplitude
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
c. There is an exponential relationship between dose ratio and antagonist concentration
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
d. There is no competition for the binding sites
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
e. There is a shift of the agonist log-concentration effect curve to the left without a
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
change in slope and amplitude
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
17. The minimum dose that produces the maximum achievable response is known as
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
a. Potency
b. ED50
c. LD50
d. Ceiling dose %tg
e. Minimum effective dose %tg %tg
18. The medium dose, or the dose of the drug that produces half of the maximum achievable response
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
is called
%tg %tg
a. Potency d. Ceiling dose %tg %tg
b. LD50 e. Binding constant %tg %tg
c. Therapeutic index %tg
19. What is described by the equation given as
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
follows: Response=f (EN total . Xa
%tg %tg %tg %tg % t g % t g
/ (Xa + Ka) % t g %tg % t g %tg
a. Relationship between occupancy of receptor and the dose of the drug %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
b. Relationship between occupancy of receptor and response to the drug %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
c. Relationship between the dose of the drug and the response to the drug %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
d. Relationship between the number of receptors and the dose of the drug %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
e. Relationship between the response to the drug and the transducer function of the tissues
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
20. Competitive antagonist of the receptors of Dopamine and Benzodiazepine are expected to
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
produced which effect?
%tg %tg %tg
a. Reversal of the intrinsic activity of the receptors %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
b. Maintain the consitutive activity of the receptors %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
c. Stimulate the constitutive activity of the receptors %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
d. Stimulate the constitutive activity of the recptorsin the absence of any ligand
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
e. Produce a negative efficacy %tg %tg %tg
21. The PT-INR of a patient with Warfarin has been maintained at 2.5 for the last 3 months. 1
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
week earlier, the patient was given Phenobarbital. What can be expected with the PT-INR of
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
the patient?
%tg %tg
a. Increased PT-INR %tg
b. Decreased PT-INR %tg
c. Maintained PT-INR %tg
22. Phenobarbital when given to a patient on chronic warfarin is classified as
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
a. Pharmacodynamic antagonist %tg
b. Pharmacokinetic antagonist %tg
c. Physiologic antagonist %tg
d. Synergistic agonist %tg
e. Additive agonist %tg
23. Digibind which effetively terminates the action of Digitalis glycosides is classified as what
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
type of antagonist?
%tg %tg %tg
PHARMACOKINETICS
PHARMACOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY, PHARMACOKINETICS
1. Two dose-response curve response plotted on the same graph showed sigmoid curves having the same
slope and height. T curve is located to the right of the A curve. Which of the following statements is/are
correct regarding curves A an:
I. A is more effective than B
II. A is more potent than B
III. A and B have the same ceiling dose
IV. B is the graph produced when A is given with its competitive antagonist
V. B is the graph produced when A is given with its non-competitive antagonist
a. Only I and III are correct
b. Only II, III and IV are correct
c. Only II and IV are correct
d. Only III and V are correct
e. Only V is correct
2. Two dose-response curve plotted on the same graph showed sigmoid curves A and B, where A is at the left
of the graph with the height greater than B. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding
curves A and B?
I. A and B has equal efficacy
II. A and B have equal potency
III. B is a partial agonist of A
IV. B is the graph produced when A is given with its competitive antagonist
V. B is the graph produced when A is given with its non-competitive antagonist
, a. Only I and III are correct %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
b. Only II, III and IV are correct %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
c. Only II and IV are correct %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
d. Only III and V are correct %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
e. Only V is correct %tg %tg %tg
3. The cumulative number of subjects who display a certain rersponse or effect to a drug is plotted
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
on a graph as shown below. The graph on the left represents beneficial effect while the graph
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
on the right represents toxic effect, what is the therapeutic index of the drug?
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
a.0.5 b. 1.5 c. 2.5 d.4.0 e. 5.0 %tg %tg %tg
4. An administration of one drug leads to a shift in the log dose-response curve of another drug
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
to the left a range in the maximal efficacy, this is called
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
a. Agonism
b. Partial agonism %tg
c. Non-competitive antagonism %tg
d. Competitive antagonism %tg
e. Potentiation
5. The action of this drug is dependent on a colligative property
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
a. Mannitol
b. Cocaine
c. Reserpine
d. Furosemide
e. Losartan
6. Whiich of the following drug groups have mechanisms of aaction that involve binding to enzymes
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
as target protiens
%tg %tg %tg
a. Benzodiazepines
b. Barbiturates
c. Calcium channel blockers %tg %tg
d. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents %tg %tg
e. Phenothiazine antipsychotics %tg
7. Voltage-gated ion channels serve as site of actions for drugs such as
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
I. Diltiazem and Nifedipine %tg %tg
II. Lidocaine and Procaine %tg %tg
III. Captopril and Losartan %tg %tg
a. I only %tg
b. I and II %tg %tg
c. III only %tg
, d. I and III %tg %tg
e. I, II, and III %tg %tg %tg
8. Drugs with mechanism of action that involves Tubulin-binding leading to loss of function of the
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
structural protien include
%tg %tg %tg
a. Cyclosporine
b. Neostigmine
c. Colchicine
d. Glibenclamide
e. Metformin
9. What type of protien is primarily targeted by Digitalis glycosides when they exert their effect on
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
the heart?
%tg %tg
a. Receptors
b. Ion channels %tg
c. Enzymes
d. Transporters
e. Structural protiens %tg
10. Which of the following features cahracterize nicotinic, GABA-A, and Glutamate receptors?
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
a. Thay control the movements of ions and out of the cell
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
b. Their action is mediated bysecondary messengers
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
c. They all have excitatory effect on the cell membrane
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
d. They are located on the cytoplasm %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
11. Which of the following drugs bind to receptors located at the cell membrane?
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
a. Thyroid hormone %tg
b. Prednisone
c. Estrogen
d. Insulin
e. Vitamin D %tg
12. Cyclic Adenosine Monophophate (cAMP) is generated as a secondary messenger by the
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
action of the enzyme Adenylyl Cyclase. The substrate for the synthesis of cAMP is
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
a. AMD
b. ADP
c. ATP
d. GTP
e. Adenosine
13. Stimulation of Beta-adrenoceptor, a G-protien-linked receptor involves a generation of a
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
secondary messenger known as
%tg %tg %tg %tg
a. IP3
b. cGTP
c. DAG
d. cAMP
e. Calcium ions %tg
14. What is the mechanism of action of Sildenafil, a drug popularly known as viagra?
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
a. Inhibits phosphodiesterase (PDE) leading to increase cAMP
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
b. Inhibits PDE leading to increase cGMP %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
c. Stimulates adenylyl cyclase leading to increase cAMP %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
d. Stimulates guanylyl cyclase leading to increase cGMP %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
e. Inhibits phosphodiesterase leading to increase cGMP
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
15. Drugs that activate the phospholipase C-inositol phosphate system such as alpha-adrenergic
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
agonists like phenylephrine primarily cause an increase in the intracellular levels of which
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
ion?
%tg
a. Calcium
, b. Magnesium
c. Sodium
d. Potassium
e. Chloride
16. Which of the following stetements characterizes competitive antagonism?
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
a. There is a shift of the agonist log concentration-effect curve to the right and downwards
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg % t g %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
b. There is a shift of the agonist log concentration-effect curve to the right without a
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
change on the slope or amplitude
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
c. There is an exponential relationship between dose ratio and antagonist concentration
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
d. There is no competition for the binding sites
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
e. There is a shift of the agonist log-concentration effect curve to the left without a
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
change in slope and amplitude
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
17. The minimum dose that produces the maximum achievable response is known as
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
a. Potency
b. ED50
c. LD50
d. Ceiling dose %tg
e. Minimum effective dose %tg %tg
18. The medium dose, or the dose of the drug that produces half of the maximum achievable response
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
is called
%tg %tg
a. Potency d. Ceiling dose %tg %tg
b. LD50 e. Binding constant %tg %tg
c. Therapeutic index %tg
19. What is described by the equation given as
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
follows: Response=f (EN total . Xa
%tg %tg %tg %tg % t g % t g
/ (Xa + Ka) % t g %tg % t g %tg
a. Relationship between occupancy of receptor and the dose of the drug %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
b. Relationship between occupancy of receptor and response to the drug %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
c. Relationship between the dose of the drug and the response to the drug %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
d. Relationship between the number of receptors and the dose of the drug %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
e. Relationship between the response to the drug and the transducer function of the tissues
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
20. Competitive antagonist of the receptors of Dopamine and Benzodiazepine are expected to
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
produced which effect?
%tg %tg %tg
a. Reversal of the intrinsic activity of the receptors %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
b. Maintain the consitutive activity of the receptors %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
c. Stimulate the constitutive activity of the receptors %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
d. Stimulate the constitutive activity of the recptorsin the absence of any ligand
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
e. Produce a negative efficacy %tg %tg %tg
21. The PT-INR of a patient with Warfarin has been maintained at 2.5 for the last 3 months. 1
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
week earlier, the patient was given Phenobarbital. What can be expected with the PT-INR of
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
the patient?
%tg %tg
a. Increased PT-INR %tg
b. Decreased PT-INR %tg
c. Maintained PT-INR %tg
22. Phenobarbital when given to a patient on chronic warfarin is classified as
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
a. Pharmacodynamic antagonist %tg
b. Pharmacokinetic antagonist %tg
c. Physiologic antagonist %tg
d. Synergistic agonist %tg
e. Additive agonist %tg
23. Digibind which effetively terminates the action of Digitalis glycosides is classified as what
%tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg %tg
type of antagonist?
%tg %tg %tg
