Exam 3 SONOSIM Questions and
Answers
Describe the normal appearance of the lumen of a vein - ANSWER-anechoic
Should a long or short axis transducer orientation be used to initially identify veins? -
ANSWER-short
--- - ANSWER----
List and describe the terminology related to movements of the upper limb. -
ANSWER-flexion and extension at shoulder
abduction and adduction
flexion and extension at elbow
external and internal rotation
supination and pronation
What bones and bony processes are associated with the shoulder joint? - ANSWER-
scapula (coracoid and acromion and glenoid fossa)
clavicle
humerus (greater and lesser tuberosities)
What is the function of the glenoid labrum? - ANSWER-provides stability to
glenohumeral joint by functionally deepening the otherwise shallow glenoid fossa by
50%
What bony structures are involved in a shoulder dislocation vs. shoulder separation?
- ANSWER-dislocation - glenohumeral
separation - acromioclavicular
What muscles comprise the rotator cuff? Where do they attach on the humerus? -
ANSWER-supraspinatus - glenohumeral joint capsule and greater tuberosity of
humerus (superior surface)
infraspinatus - glenohumeral joint capsule and greater tuberosity of humerus
(posterior surface)
teres major - glenohumeral joint capsule and greater tuberosity of humerus (inferior
aspect)
subscapularis - glenohumeral joint capsule and lesser tuberosity of humerus
The tendon of what rotator cuff muscle is most likely to undergo degenerative
changes? Why? - ANSWER-supraspinatus tendon due to compression of the tendon
between the humeral head and acromion process during normal shoulder motion
What structure runs through the bicipital groove of the humerus? - ANSWER-long
head of biceps brachii tendon
, Describe how anisotropy relates to the angle of insonation. - ANSWER-tendons must
be imaged perpendicular to sound beam in order to be imaged correctly
To better visualize a long axis view of the subscapularis tendon, the patient should
be asked to ___________ rotate their arm. - ANSWER-externally
--- - ANSWER----
Describe the articulation points of the radius and ulna at the elbow joint. - ANSWER-
pivot joint - medial surface of radial head and radial notch of ulna
What are the attachment points for the annular ligament? - ANSWER-anterior and
posterior ulna
What muscles are typically visualized when performing an ultrasound examination of
the elbow? - ANSWER-biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis
Describe the boundaries and contents of the cubital fossa. - ANSWER-superior - line
connecting medial and lateral epicondyles
medial - pronator teres
lateral - brachioradialis
superficial - median cubital vein
deep - brachialis and supinator
contents - (lateral to medial) - radial nerve, biceps brachii tendon, brachial artery,
median nerve
Where is the cubital tunnel and what structure passes in it? - ANSWER-passage
between medial epicondyle and olecranon
ulnar nerve
Describe the anatomic movements associated with the elbow joint. - ANSWER-
supination
pronation (rotation of radial head within annular lig)
flexion
extension
Between what two muscles can the radial nerve typically be found in the cubital
fossa? - ANSWER-lateral - brachioradialis
medial - brachialis
To image the common extensor tendon, what bony landmark on the humerus should
be located? - ANSWER-capitellum (articulating with radial head)
The annular ligament can be found surrounding what bony structure? - ANSWER-
radial head
The triceps brachii tendon can be found attaching to what bony process of the ulna?
- ANSWER-olecranon
Answers
Describe the normal appearance of the lumen of a vein - ANSWER-anechoic
Should a long or short axis transducer orientation be used to initially identify veins? -
ANSWER-short
--- - ANSWER----
List and describe the terminology related to movements of the upper limb. -
ANSWER-flexion and extension at shoulder
abduction and adduction
flexion and extension at elbow
external and internal rotation
supination and pronation
What bones and bony processes are associated with the shoulder joint? - ANSWER-
scapula (coracoid and acromion and glenoid fossa)
clavicle
humerus (greater and lesser tuberosities)
What is the function of the glenoid labrum? - ANSWER-provides stability to
glenohumeral joint by functionally deepening the otherwise shallow glenoid fossa by
50%
What bony structures are involved in a shoulder dislocation vs. shoulder separation?
- ANSWER-dislocation - glenohumeral
separation - acromioclavicular
What muscles comprise the rotator cuff? Where do they attach on the humerus? -
ANSWER-supraspinatus - glenohumeral joint capsule and greater tuberosity of
humerus (superior surface)
infraspinatus - glenohumeral joint capsule and greater tuberosity of humerus
(posterior surface)
teres major - glenohumeral joint capsule and greater tuberosity of humerus (inferior
aspect)
subscapularis - glenohumeral joint capsule and lesser tuberosity of humerus
The tendon of what rotator cuff muscle is most likely to undergo degenerative
changes? Why? - ANSWER-supraspinatus tendon due to compression of the tendon
between the humeral head and acromion process during normal shoulder motion
What structure runs through the bicipital groove of the humerus? - ANSWER-long
head of biceps brachii tendon
, Describe how anisotropy relates to the angle of insonation. - ANSWER-tendons must
be imaged perpendicular to sound beam in order to be imaged correctly
To better visualize a long axis view of the subscapularis tendon, the patient should
be asked to ___________ rotate their arm. - ANSWER-externally
--- - ANSWER----
Describe the articulation points of the radius and ulna at the elbow joint. - ANSWER-
pivot joint - medial surface of radial head and radial notch of ulna
What are the attachment points for the annular ligament? - ANSWER-anterior and
posterior ulna
What muscles are typically visualized when performing an ultrasound examination of
the elbow? - ANSWER-biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis
Describe the boundaries and contents of the cubital fossa. - ANSWER-superior - line
connecting medial and lateral epicondyles
medial - pronator teres
lateral - brachioradialis
superficial - median cubital vein
deep - brachialis and supinator
contents - (lateral to medial) - radial nerve, biceps brachii tendon, brachial artery,
median nerve
Where is the cubital tunnel and what structure passes in it? - ANSWER-passage
between medial epicondyle and olecranon
ulnar nerve
Describe the anatomic movements associated with the elbow joint. - ANSWER-
supination
pronation (rotation of radial head within annular lig)
flexion
extension
Between what two muscles can the radial nerve typically be found in the cubital
fossa? - ANSWER-lateral - brachioradialis
medial - brachialis
To image the common extensor tendon, what bony landmark on the humerus should
be located? - ANSWER-capitellum (articulating with radial head)
The annular ligament can be found surrounding what bony structure? - ANSWER-
radial head
The triceps brachii tendon can be found attaching to what bony process of the ulna?
- ANSWER-olecranon
