NUR1020C Midterm Detailed Exam Correct Answers 2025

Define and describe the concept of communication. - Correct Ans-a process of interaction between people in which symbols are used to create, exchange, and interpret messages about ideas, emotions, and mind states. What are the 6 parts of the communication process? *** - Correct Ans-1. Referent - event or thought 2. Sender - person who initiates and encodes the message 3. Receiver - person who receives and decodes the message 4. Message - information communicated 5. Channel - method of communication 6. Feedback - response of the receiver Types of communication *** - Correct Ans-1. Therapeutic 2. Non -therapeutic 3. Open-ended 4. Closed communication 5. Verbal 6. Non-verbal Communication Competence - Correct Ans-Means that communication by the nurse is effective and appropriate Thermoregulation - Correct Ans-the process of maintaining core body temperature at a near constant value Normothermia - Correct Ans-Normal range body temp Hypothermia - Correct Ans-Body temp below normal range Hyperthermia - Correct Ans-Body temp above normal range Hyperpyrexia - Correct Ans-Extremely high body temp Physiological adjustments to body temperature are controlled by the - Correct Ans-Hypothalamus Average target body temperature - Correct Ans-37 degrees Celsius or 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit Chemical thermogenesis leads to ______ and is a result of ______. - Correct Ans-increased metabolic rate, epinephrine release Peripheral vasoconstriction - Correct Ans-the process where the body shunts warm blood away from superficial body tissues and skin surfaces and increases muscle activity to minimize heat loss What are the four types of heat loss? - Correct Ans-1. Radiation 2. Conduction 3. Convection 4. Evaporation Evaporation - Correct Ans-Loss of heat that occurs when a liquid is converted to a vapor. A cooling process because a fluid is evaporating to a solid. Radiation - Correct Ans-Loss of heat from the body surface to a cooler solid surface not in direct contact, but in relative proximity. Loss through electromagnetic waves. Emit from the skin surface. Convection - Correct Ans-Flow of heat from body surface to cooler air. Wet skin increases convection. Conduction - Correct Ans-Loss of heat from the body surface to cooler surfaces in direct contact. Warm heat lost to the other. Transfer of heat loss. Heat loss by convection can be accelerated by - Correct Ans-wet skin and wet clothing Peripheral vasodilation - Correct Ans-process of a greater amount of blood being brought to the surface of the skin A patient with ____ will have elevated respiratory rates - Correct Ans-hyperthermia A patient with ____ will have decreased respiratory rates - Correct Ans-hypothermia Temperature is controlled by the - Correct Ans-hypothalamus Peripheral thermoreceptors are located in the - Correct Ans-skin Central thermoreceptors are located in the - Correct Ans-spinal cord, abdominal organs, and hypothalamus Slower circulation, reduced function of thermoregulatory capacity of the skin, reduced heat production, decreased shivering response, and reduced perception of environmental temperature effect which age population? - Correct Ans-Older adults Fever is a pathophysiological reaction involving the immune system in response to ____ - Correct Ans-pyrogens Pyrogens - Correct Ans-fever-producing agnets ________ occurs when the body temperature rises above 37.6* C (99.68 F) with an unchanged hypothalamic set point - Correct Ans-hyperthermia The three physiological mechanisms that coordinate body temperature that can lead to hyperthermia - Correct Ans-excessive heat production, inadequate ability to cool, or hypothalamic regulator dysfunction Three physiological factors that can lead to hypothermia - Correct Ans-excessive heat loss, insufficient production of heat, or dysfunction of hypothalamic regulatory mechanisms Complications of prolonged hyperthermia - Correct Ans-Cardiovascular collapse nervous system damage excessive and prolonged sweating sodium loss and dehydration Symptoms of prolonged hyperthermia - Correct Ans-hypotension tachycardia decreased cardiac output cerebral edema Individual risk factors include - Correct Ans-impaired cognition underlying health conditions genetics recreational or occupational exposures Most reliable method for assessing temperature - Correct Ans-rectal temperature Hyperthermia clinical findings include - Correct Ans-flushed skin hot to touch diaphoresis dry mucous membranes decreased urinary output possible seizures impaired cognitive status Hypothermia clinical findings include - Correct Ans-skin will be cool slow capillary refill pale skin cyanotic skin muscle rigidity and shivering impaired cognition decreased urinary output coma Symptomatic relief of persistent or intermittent fevers can be treated with __________ such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen - Correct Ans-antipyretics Core rewarming should be done _______ to reduce the risk of dysrhythmias - Correct Ans-slowly Active core rewarming includes - Correct Ans-warm intravenous solutions gastric lavage with warm fluid peritoneal lavage with warm fluid inhalation of warmed oxygen Aspirin is not recommended for children beca