Nano
Nanomedicine Test 3
Save
difference between nano devices and nanoparticles - Correct Ans-- nano devices: they
are made of nanoparticles (usually with different composition -- ex. microneedles and
nano needles, and nano-valves for drug delivery)
- nanoparticles: particle of any shape with dimensions in the 1 x 10 ^-9 - 1x10 ^-7 (1-
100nm)
why did we study micro-needles if they are not a nano object? - Correct Ans-because
they are still relevant in the field of medicine. Microneedles permit transport of
macromolecules, as well as possibly supramolecular complexes and Microparticles
which skin layer can be reached using micro-needles? - Correct Ans-stratum corneum
describe the three transdermal drug delivery methods using micro-needles - Correct
Ans-1. poke with a patch -- use for insulin delivery into diabetic hairless rats (sol of
insulin was placed on top of the micro needle array and left)
2. coat and poke -- used for protein vaccine delivery (microneedles prepared with dry
film coating of antigen and then inserted into skin of hairless guinea pig -- possible
allergy treatment?)
3. dip and scrape -- used for DNA delivery (arrays dipped into a solution of DNA and
scraped multiple times across the skin of mice to create micro abrasions)
which skin layer can be reached using nano-needles? - Correct Ans-can only reach the
upper layer of the epidermis because they are too small to penetrate the stratum
corneum
what are the main applications of nano-needles - Correct Ans-drug delivery without
nanoparticles and manipulation of organelles
describe and understand how it works the nano-valve designed by Zink et al - Correct
Ans-- a nano-valve that can be opened and closed (trap and release molecules0 --
could be used for drug delivery such as insulin release
how it works:
1. guest molecule is loaded into the pores (by diffusion)
2. valve is closed bc of oxidation of TTF
3. valve is opened by adding ascorbic acid to reduce TTF (position of CBPQT4 ring
changes)
4. release of the guest molecule
Nano
, Nano
what is nano-endoscopy as defined by Zhang et al - Correct Ans-- single cell
endoscopy: probes accurately inserted into a live cell (allows for intracellular analysis)
- Zhang et al fabricated a nano device -- assembled single nanoporus gold nanowire on
the tip of a tungsten needle (+ NP to sense different cell types)
- sensing biomarkers for disease and able to eliminate damaged cells at an early state
what are the advantages of performing nano coating on surgical blades? - Correct Ans--
performance of surgical blade can be enhanced with NP coating (when hard metal is
coated with diamond -- micro or nano structures)
- will allow cutting edge diameter in nano surgery
- diamond also has a low friction coefficient (decrease the penetration force needed)
what has been the main application of nanotechnology in orthopedics? - Correct Ans--
nanocoating implant surfaces (can increase biocompatibility)
- ex. HRN (helical rosette nanotubes) are self-assembled organic nanotubes possessing
biologically-inspired nanoscale dimensions
what are post surgical adhesions - Correct Ans-adhesions after major surgery (a film of
connective tissue containing blood vessels and nerve tissue that connect two organs)
- prevalence after major surgery = 60 %
describe current treatments used to avoid post surgical adhesions - Correct Ans-1.
physical barriers: can separate the injured organs during peritoneal healing (made of
polysaccharides or hydrogels -- hydrogels = water swollen and cross linked polymeric
networks)
2. specific drugs
-- both systems rapidly cleared
explain how HA containing PLGA nanoparticles could help prevention of post surgical
adhesions - Correct Ans-- composite hydrogel system with entrapped PLGA
- HA gel is biocompactable
- PLGA is biocompatible and biodegradable
- HA containing PLGA --serves as a barrier but also prevents the retained polymer from
causing adhesions
- PLGA is a material that is FDA approved for controlled release drug delivery -- its
polymeric matrix prevents degradation of the drugs
what type of experiments support the theory that HS containing PLGA nanoparticles can
actually prevent post surgical adhesions - Correct Ans-experiment: applied hybrid gel on
the injured ab wall and cecum -- no adhesion in an animal treated with hybrid gel
mention limitations of cell therapies for myocardial infraction - Correct Ans-strategies
used:
Nano
Nanomedicine Test 3
Save
difference between nano devices and nanoparticles - Correct Ans-- nano devices: they
are made of nanoparticles (usually with different composition -- ex. microneedles and
nano needles, and nano-valves for drug delivery)
- nanoparticles: particle of any shape with dimensions in the 1 x 10 ^-9 - 1x10 ^-7 (1-
100nm)
why did we study micro-needles if they are not a nano object? - Correct Ans-because
they are still relevant in the field of medicine. Microneedles permit transport of
macromolecules, as well as possibly supramolecular complexes and Microparticles
which skin layer can be reached using micro-needles? - Correct Ans-stratum corneum
describe the three transdermal drug delivery methods using micro-needles - Correct
Ans-1. poke with a patch -- use for insulin delivery into diabetic hairless rats (sol of
insulin was placed on top of the micro needle array and left)
2. coat and poke -- used for protein vaccine delivery (microneedles prepared with dry
film coating of antigen and then inserted into skin of hairless guinea pig -- possible
allergy treatment?)
3. dip and scrape -- used for DNA delivery (arrays dipped into a solution of DNA and
scraped multiple times across the skin of mice to create micro abrasions)
which skin layer can be reached using nano-needles? - Correct Ans-can only reach the
upper layer of the epidermis because they are too small to penetrate the stratum
corneum
what are the main applications of nano-needles - Correct Ans-drug delivery without
nanoparticles and manipulation of organelles
describe and understand how it works the nano-valve designed by Zink et al - Correct
Ans-- a nano-valve that can be opened and closed (trap and release molecules0 --
could be used for drug delivery such as insulin release
how it works:
1. guest molecule is loaded into the pores (by diffusion)
2. valve is closed bc of oxidation of TTF
3. valve is opened by adding ascorbic acid to reduce TTF (position of CBPQT4 ring
changes)
4. release of the guest molecule
Nano
, Nano
what is nano-endoscopy as defined by Zhang et al - Correct Ans-- single cell
endoscopy: probes accurately inserted into a live cell (allows for intracellular analysis)
- Zhang et al fabricated a nano device -- assembled single nanoporus gold nanowire on
the tip of a tungsten needle (+ NP to sense different cell types)
- sensing biomarkers for disease and able to eliminate damaged cells at an early state
what are the advantages of performing nano coating on surgical blades? - Correct Ans--
performance of surgical blade can be enhanced with NP coating (when hard metal is
coated with diamond -- micro or nano structures)
- will allow cutting edge diameter in nano surgery
- diamond also has a low friction coefficient (decrease the penetration force needed)
what has been the main application of nanotechnology in orthopedics? - Correct Ans--
nanocoating implant surfaces (can increase biocompatibility)
- ex. HRN (helical rosette nanotubes) are self-assembled organic nanotubes possessing
biologically-inspired nanoscale dimensions
what are post surgical adhesions - Correct Ans-adhesions after major surgery (a film of
connective tissue containing blood vessels and nerve tissue that connect two organs)
- prevalence after major surgery = 60 %
describe current treatments used to avoid post surgical adhesions - Correct Ans-1.
physical barriers: can separate the injured organs during peritoneal healing (made of
polysaccharides or hydrogels -- hydrogels = water swollen and cross linked polymeric
networks)
2. specific drugs
-- both systems rapidly cleared
explain how HA containing PLGA nanoparticles could help prevention of post surgical
adhesions - Correct Ans-- composite hydrogel system with entrapped PLGA
- HA gel is biocompactable
- PLGA is biocompatible and biodegradable
- HA containing PLGA --serves as a barrier but also prevents the retained polymer from
causing adhesions
- PLGA is a material that is FDA approved for controlled release drug delivery -- its
polymeric matrix prevents degradation of the drugs
what type of experiments support the theory that HS containing PLGA nanoparticles can
actually prevent post surgical adhesions - Correct Ans-experiment: applied hybrid gel on
the injured ab wall and cecum -- no adhesion in an animal treated with hybrid gel
mention limitations of cell therapies for myocardial infraction - Correct Ans-strategies
used:
Nano
