NUSA 203 - Exam 2 Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025 Graded A+
Musculoskeletal changes with aging - Answers - osteopenia (loss of bone density)
- loss of cartilage
- cartilage compression
- atrophy of muscle tissue
Musculoskeletal assessment - Answers - medical history (include injuries no matter how long ago,
comorbidities)
- ability to perform ADLs
- current lifestyle
- allergies
- meds
- nutrition
Imaging - Answers - x-rays
- bone scan
- MRI
- ultrasound
Diagnostic tests - Answers - biopsy (bone or muscle)
- arthroscopy
Osteoporosis - Answers often not diagnosed until fracture occurs
Generalized osteoporosis - Answers - primary: occurs in 70s-80s
- secondary: result of other conditions
Regional osteoporosis - Answers restricted to one area as a result of immobilization
Osteoporosis risk factors - Answers - caffeine
- low calcium intake
- low vitamin D levels
, - postmenopause
- smoking
- thin build
- lack of physical activity
Osteoporosis complications - Answers - fractures
- pain
Osteoporosis S/S - Answers - height loss
- pain
- low serum Ca and vitamin D
Nursing care for osteoporosis - Answers - nutritional management
- fall prevention
- exercise
- drug therapy: supplements, hormone, replacement
Osteomyelitis - Answers - infection of the bone
- very difficult to treat
Osteomyelitis S/S - Answers - bone pain
- fever
- swelling around infected area
- elevated WBC
Osteomyelitis treatment - Answers - long term antibiotics
- hyperbaric treatment
- incision and debridement
- removal of affected portion of bone
Fractures - Answers - break or disruption of integrity of bone
- can take up to 1 year to fully heal in older adults
Musculoskeletal changes with aging - Answers - osteopenia (loss of bone density)
- loss of cartilage
- cartilage compression
- atrophy of muscle tissue
Musculoskeletal assessment - Answers - medical history (include injuries no matter how long ago,
comorbidities)
- ability to perform ADLs
- current lifestyle
- allergies
- meds
- nutrition
Imaging - Answers - x-rays
- bone scan
- MRI
- ultrasound
Diagnostic tests - Answers - biopsy (bone or muscle)
- arthroscopy
Osteoporosis - Answers often not diagnosed until fracture occurs
Generalized osteoporosis - Answers - primary: occurs in 70s-80s
- secondary: result of other conditions
Regional osteoporosis - Answers restricted to one area as a result of immobilization
Osteoporosis risk factors - Answers - caffeine
- low calcium intake
- low vitamin D levels
, - postmenopause
- smoking
- thin build
- lack of physical activity
Osteoporosis complications - Answers - fractures
- pain
Osteoporosis S/S - Answers - height loss
- pain
- low serum Ca and vitamin D
Nursing care for osteoporosis - Answers - nutritional management
- fall prevention
- exercise
- drug therapy: supplements, hormone, replacement
Osteomyelitis - Answers - infection of the bone
- very difficult to treat
Osteomyelitis S/S - Answers - bone pain
- fever
- swelling around infected area
- elevated WBC
Osteomyelitis treatment - Answers - long term antibiotics
- hyperbaric treatment
- incision and debridement
- removal of affected portion of bone
Fractures - Answers - break or disruption of integrity of bone
- can take up to 1 year to fully heal in older adults
