Cancer Biology Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
What are the two main gene types involved in the development of cancer? -
ANSWER✔✔-Oncogenes - mutated form of the normally occuring proto-oncogene,
which is usually responsible for controlling cell growth and division. When activated,
oncogenes lead to uncontrollable cell growth
Tumor-suppressor genes - When mutated, these genes will deactivate and lead to
uncontrolled cell growth, as the process of apoptosis is disrupted.
Define the term 'neoplasm' - ANSWER✔✔-When a region of cells lose control of their
normal physiological properties (cell growth and division) and no longer resemble
normal cells (exhibiting dysplasia). They are immature and undifferentiated.
Tumour - ANSWER✔✔-A mass of abnormal cells. Can be benign (not cancer,
potentially harmful if very large) or malignant (cancerous, harmful)
What is the grading system for the classification of cancer? How is it determined? -
ANSWER✔✔-Using a biopsy and examining under microscope (histology). Grade 1 -
slightly abnormal cells (mild dysplasia) 2- moderately abnormal/moderately
Questions and Answers
What are the two main gene types involved in the development of cancer? -
ANSWER✔✔-Oncogenes - mutated form of the normally occuring proto-oncogene,
which is usually responsible for controlling cell growth and division. When activated,
oncogenes lead to uncontrollable cell growth
Tumor-suppressor genes - When mutated, these genes will deactivate and lead to
uncontrolled cell growth, as the process of apoptosis is disrupted.
Define the term 'neoplasm' - ANSWER✔✔-When a region of cells lose control of their
normal physiological properties (cell growth and division) and no longer resemble
normal cells (exhibiting dysplasia). They are immature and undifferentiated.
Tumour - ANSWER✔✔-A mass of abnormal cells. Can be benign (not cancer,
potentially harmful if very large) or malignant (cancerous, harmful)
What is the grading system for the classification of cancer? How is it determined? -
ANSWER✔✔-Using a biopsy and examining under microscope (histology). Grade 1 -
slightly abnormal cells (mild dysplasia) 2- moderately abnormal/moderately
