Geriatrics Exam 1 Questions and Answers
1. what is senescence?: the process or condition of growing old, cells stop dividing
2. what is senility?: physical and mental decline associated with old age, especially
cognitive deterioration
3. what is chronological age?: actual age in numbers
4. what is functional/biological age?: based on physical and mental performance
5. which age (chronological or functional) is a better indication of
healthspan?: functional
6. what does rectangularization of the population refer to?: more people survive
old age creating a rectangle shape in survival curve
7. what is an example of age-related disease?: depression due to sensory loss
8. what is an example of an age caused disease?: diminished sight or hearing
9. the maximum time a person can live is : life span
10. the average expected lifespan of an individual based on age and condi-
tions is : life expectancy
11. what is the fastest growing segment of the population- age and ethnicity?-
: 85 + and hispanics
12. what are the leading causes of mortality in older adults?: heart disease,
cancer, stroke, respiratory disease, accidents, diabetes, and suicide
13. what are the leading causes of morbidity in older adults?: arthritis, osteo-
porosis, HT, diabetes
14. what ages match with elderly, old, or very old?: 65-70:elderly
76-90: old
90+: very old
15. what are common lifestyles among the blue zones?: nutritious diet, regular
activity, social engagement, stress management, and spirituality
16. what is normal age related change of muscle?: sarcopenia, loss of mass and
strength
17. what is normal age related change of bone?: loss of mass
18. what is normal age related change of GI?: slowed digestion, decreased
absorption
19. what is normal age related of cardiovascular system?: reduced CO, vascular
compliance, increased resistance
20. what are the 4 components of cultural competency?: awareness, attitude,
knowledge, and skills
21. why is cultural competency important in a chiropractic office?: enhances
communication, builds rapport, improves outcomes and compliance
22. what does cultural competency lead to in practice?: better health outcome,
improved relationships, increased trust and understanding
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, Geriatrics Exam 1 Questions and Answers
23. what is a key contributor to health care disparities that exist?: Socioeco-
nomic and cultural factors, including lack of cultural competency
24. shared cultural heritage is known as : ethnicity
25. shared values beliefs, and practices are known as : culture
26. grouping based on physical traits is known as : race
27. what are types of culture in chiropractic offices?: age groups, income level,
education, religion, gender identities
28. what groups have higher incidence of being physically inactive?: women,
older adults, low education or income, African Americans or hispanics
29. which group of elderly Americans suffer from the highest incidence of
hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, low back pain, or obesity?: African
American elderly
30. what are the five I's of aging?: intellectual impairment, incontinence, immobil-
ity, instability, iatrogenic drug interactions
31. how would you being the interview of older adults?: introduce yourself,
outline the process: history, exam, possible imaging, and explain you'll discuss the
diagnosis and obtain consent before treatment
32. what are some strategies to improve the interview process with older
adults?: split interviews across multiple visits, schedule during quiet office hours,
send history before hand
33. what is included in the acronym for history of chief complaint (LOMPQRS-
TA)?: location, onset, mechanism, provocation/palliating, Quality, radiation, severity,
timing associated symptoms
34. what is the time frame for acute?: less than 7 days (up to 30)
35. what is the time frame for subacute?: 10 days- 7 weeks
36. what is the time frame for chronic?: 7 weeks- 3 months
37. what is the time frame for recurrent issues?: symptoms come and go with
periods of remission
38. what might be an option if the patient is unable to give a numerical
VAS?: visual pain scale instead
39. if a pain is described as cramping, dull, or achy- what is the most likely
cause?: muscle
40. if a pain is describes as sharp, shooting, lightning-like, what is the most
likely cause?: nerve
41. if a pain is described as throbbing or diffuse- what is the most likely
cause?: vascular
42. what might be some symptoms that constitute an emergency?: -unrelieved
angina> 20 min
-angina w /nausea/vomitting/sweating
2/9
1. what is senescence?: the process or condition of growing old, cells stop dividing
2. what is senility?: physical and mental decline associated with old age, especially
cognitive deterioration
3. what is chronological age?: actual age in numbers
4. what is functional/biological age?: based on physical and mental performance
5. which age (chronological or functional) is a better indication of
healthspan?: functional
6. what does rectangularization of the population refer to?: more people survive
old age creating a rectangle shape in survival curve
7. what is an example of age-related disease?: depression due to sensory loss
8. what is an example of an age caused disease?: diminished sight or hearing
9. the maximum time a person can live is : life span
10. the average expected lifespan of an individual based on age and condi-
tions is : life expectancy
11. what is the fastest growing segment of the population- age and ethnicity?-
: 85 + and hispanics
12. what are the leading causes of mortality in older adults?: heart disease,
cancer, stroke, respiratory disease, accidents, diabetes, and suicide
13. what are the leading causes of morbidity in older adults?: arthritis, osteo-
porosis, HT, diabetes
14. what ages match with elderly, old, or very old?: 65-70:elderly
76-90: old
90+: very old
15. what are common lifestyles among the blue zones?: nutritious diet, regular
activity, social engagement, stress management, and spirituality
16. what is normal age related change of muscle?: sarcopenia, loss of mass and
strength
17. what is normal age related change of bone?: loss of mass
18. what is normal age related change of GI?: slowed digestion, decreased
absorption
19. what is normal age related of cardiovascular system?: reduced CO, vascular
compliance, increased resistance
20. what are the 4 components of cultural competency?: awareness, attitude,
knowledge, and skills
21. why is cultural competency important in a chiropractic office?: enhances
communication, builds rapport, improves outcomes and compliance
22. what does cultural competency lead to in practice?: better health outcome,
improved relationships, increased trust and understanding
1/9
, Geriatrics Exam 1 Questions and Answers
23. what is a key contributor to health care disparities that exist?: Socioeco-
nomic and cultural factors, including lack of cultural competency
24. shared cultural heritage is known as : ethnicity
25. shared values beliefs, and practices are known as : culture
26. grouping based on physical traits is known as : race
27. what are types of culture in chiropractic offices?: age groups, income level,
education, religion, gender identities
28. what groups have higher incidence of being physically inactive?: women,
older adults, low education or income, African Americans or hispanics
29. which group of elderly Americans suffer from the highest incidence of
hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, low back pain, or obesity?: African
American elderly
30. what are the five I's of aging?: intellectual impairment, incontinence, immobil-
ity, instability, iatrogenic drug interactions
31. how would you being the interview of older adults?: introduce yourself,
outline the process: history, exam, possible imaging, and explain you'll discuss the
diagnosis and obtain consent before treatment
32. what are some strategies to improve the interview process with older
adults?: split interviews across multiple visits, schedule during quiet office hours,
send history before hand
33. what is included in the acronym for history of chief complaint (LOMPQRS-
TA)?: location, onset, mechanism, provocation/palliating, Quality, radiation, severity,
timing associated symptoms
34. what is the time frame for acute?: less than 7 days (up to 30)
35. what is the time frame for subacute?: 10 days- 7 weeks
36. what is the time frame for chronic?: 7 weeks- 3 months
37. what is the time frame for recurrent issues?: symptoms come and go with
periods of remission
38. what might be an option if the patient is unable to give a numerical
VAS?: visual pain scale instead
39. if a pain is described as cramping, dull, or achy- what is the most likely
cause?: muscle
40. if a pain is describes as sharp, shooting, lightning-like, what is the most
likely cause?: nerve
41. if a pain is described as throbbing or diffuse- what is the most likely
cause?: vascular
42. what might be some symptoms that constitute an emergency?: -unrelieved
angina> 20 min
-angina w /nausea/vomitting/sweating
2/9
