WGU C175/D426 DATA MANAGEMENT FOUNDATIONS OA EXAM NEWEST 2025 WITH 455
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+
1. Data: numeric, textual, visual, or audio information that describes real-world systems.
2. Analog: Historically, data was mostly , encoded as continuous variations
on various physical media.
*)((_)*(
3. Digital: Today, data is mostly , encoded as zeros and ones on electronic)
and
magnetic media.
4. Database: a collection of data in a structured format. In principle, can be stored on paper or even clay tablets. In practice
however, modern ones are invariably stored on computers.
5. Database system / database management system / DBMS: software that reads and writes data in a database.
Ensure data is secure, internally consistent, and available at all times. These functions are challenging for large databases
with many users, so data base systems are complex.
6. Database application: software that helps business users interact with database systems.
7. Database administrator: - responsible for securing the database system against unauthorized users.
- Enforces procedures for user access and database system availability.
8. Database designer: determines the format of each data element and the overall database structure. Must balance
several priorities, including storage, response time, and support for rules that govern the data. Since these priorities often
conflict, database design is technically challenging.
9. Database programmer: develops computer programs that utilize a database.
10. Database user: - a consumer of data in a database.
Request, update, or use stored data to generate reports or information.
- Usually access the database via applications but can also submit queries directly to the database system.
11. Transaction: a group of queries that must be either completed or rejected as a whole. Execution of some, but not
all, queries results in inconsistent or incorrect data.
12. Query processor: - interprets queries, creates a plan to modify the database or retrieve data, and returns query results
to the application.
- Manages connections from multiple users and compiles queries into low-level instructions for the storage engine.
13. Query optimization: The query processor performs to ensure the
most efficient instructions are executed on the data.
14. Indexes: used by the storage manager to quickly locate data.
15. Transaction manager: ensures transactions are properly executed.
,16. Log: a file containing a complete record of all inserts, updates, and deletes processed by the database.
17. Relational database: stores data in tables, columns, and rows, similar to a spreadsheet.
18. SQL: includes statements that read and write data, create and delete tables, and administer the database system.
*)((_)*(
19. Big data: The growth of the internet in the 1990s generated massive volumes of online data, often with poorly )
structured or missing information.
20. Nosql: The newer non-relational systems, for 'not only SQL', and are optimized for big data.
21. Open source: software that anyone can inspect, copy, and modify with no licensing fee.
22. Query: a command for a database that typically inserts new data, retrieves data, updates data, or deletes data from a
database.
23. Query language: a computer programming language for writing database queries.
24. CRUD: The four common queries are an acronym for Create, Read, Update, and Delete data.
25. SELECT: retrieves data from a table.
26. UPDATE: modifies data in a table.
27. CREATETABLE: creates a new table by specifying the table and column names.
28. Data type: Each column is assigned a that indicates the format
of column values and can be numeric, textual, or complex.
29. Database design: a specification of database objects such as tables, columns, data types, and indexes. Also refers to
the process used to develop the specification.
30. Analysis: specifies database requirements without regard to a specific database system.
31. ER diagrams: depicts entities, relationships, and attributes.
32. Logical design: implements database requirements in a specific database sys- tem. Specifies tables, columns, and
keys.
33. Key: a column used to identify individual rows of a table.
34. Table diagram: depicts the logical design.
35. Schema: The logical design, as specified in SQL and depicted in a table dia- gram.
36. Data independence: The principle that physical design never affects query results.
37. Application programming interface / API: a library of procedures or classes that links a host programming
language to a database.
38. Mysql: a leading relational database system sponsored by Oracle.
, 39. Mysql Community /mysql Server: a free edition.
40. Mysql Enterprise: a paid edition for managing commercial databases, in- cludes mysql Server and additional
administrative applications.
*)((_)*(
41. Root account: the administrative account that has full control of mysql. )
42. Mysql Command-Line Client: a text interface included in the mysql Server download. Allows developers to
connect to the database server, perform adminis- trative functions, and execute SQL statements.
43. Error code: returned by mysql Server with a description when an SQL state- ment is syntactically incorrect or the
database cannot execute the statement.
44. Mysql Workbench: is installed with mysql Server and allows developers to execute SQL commands using an
editor.
45. Database model: a conceptual framework for database systems, with three parts:
- Data structures: that prescribe how data is organized.
- Operations: that manipulate data structures.
- Rules: that govern valid data.
46. Relational model: a database model based on a tabular data structure. The model was published in 1970 by E. F.
Codd of IBM and released in commercial products around 1980. The data structure, operations, and rules are
standardized in SQL, the universal query language of relational databases.
47. Set: an unordered collection of elements enclosed in braces.
48. Tuple: an ordered collection of elements enclosed in parentheses.
49. Relational rules: part of the relational model and govern data in every relational database.
50. Business rules: based on business policy and specific to a particular database.
51. Structured Query Language / SQL: a high-level computer language for storing, manipulating, and retrieving data.
52. Statement: a complete command composed of one or more clauses. An SQL
Is a database command, such as a query that inserts, selects, updates, or deletes data.
53. Clause: groups SQL keywords like SELECT, FROM, and WHERE with table names like City, column names like
Name, and conditions like Population > 100000.
54. Data Definition Language: defines the structure of the database.
55. Data Query Language: retrieves data from the database.
56. Data Manipulation Language: manipulates data stored in a database.
57. Data Control Language: controls database user access.
58. Data Transaction Language: manages database transactions.
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+
1. Data: numeric, textual, visual, or audio information that describes real-world systems.
2. Analog: Historically, data was mostly , encoded as continuous variations
on various physical media.
*)((_)*(
3. Digital: Today, data is mostly , encoded as zeros and ones on electronic)
and
magnetic media.
4. Database: a collection of data in a structured format. In principle, can be stored on paper or even clay tablets. In practice
however, modern ones are invariably stored on computers.
5. Database system / database management system / DBMS: software that reads and writes data in a database.
Ensure data is secure, internally consistent, and available at all times. These functions are challenging for large databases
with many users, so data base systems are complex.
6. Database application: software that helps business users interact with database systems.
7. Database administrator: - responsible for securing the database system against unauthorized users.
- Enforces procedures for user access and database system availability.
8. Database designer: determines the format of each data element and the overall database structure. Must balance
several priorities, including storage, response time, and support for rules that govern the data. Since these priorities often
conflict, database design is technically challenging.
9. Database programmer: develops computer programs that utilize a database.
10. Database user: - a consumer of data in a database.
Request, update, or use stored data to generate reports or information.
- Usually access the database via applications but can also submit queries directly to the database system.
11. Transaction: a group of queries that must be either completed or rejected as a whole. Execution of some, but not
all, queries results in inconsistent or incorrect data.
12. Query processor: - interprets queries, creates a plan to modify the database or retrieve data, and returns query results
to the application.
- Manages connections from multiple users and compiles queries into low-level instructions for the storage engine.
13. Query optimization: The query processor performs to ensure the
most efficient instructions are executed on the data.
14. Indexes: used by the storage manager to quickly locate data.
15. Transaction manager: ensures transactions are properly executed.
,16. Log: a file containing a complete record of all inserts, updates, and deletes processed by the database.
17. Relational database: stores data in tables, columns, and rows, similar to a spreadsheet.
18. SQL: includes statements that read and write data, create and delete tables, and administer the database system.
*)((_)*(
19. Big data: The growth of the internet in the 1990s generated massive volumes of online data, often with poorly )
structured or missing information.
20. Nosql: The newer non-relational systems, for 'not only SQL', and are optimized for big data.
21. Open source: software that anyone can inspect, copy, and modify with no licensing fee.
22. Query: a command for a database that typically inserts new data, retrieves data, updates data, or deletes data from a
database.
23. Query language: a computer programming language for writing database queries.
24. CRUD: The four common queries are an acronym for Create, Read, Update, and Delete data.
25. SELECT: retrieves data from a table.
26. UPDATE: modifies data in a table.
27. CREATETABLE: creates a new table by specifying the table and column names.
28. Data type: Each column is assigned a that indicates the format
of column values and can be numeric, textual, or complex.
29. Database design: a specification of database objects such as tables, columns, data types, and indexes. Also refers to
the process used to develop the specification.
30. Analysis: specifies database requirements without regard to a specific database system.
31. ER diagrams: depicts entities, relationships, and attributes.
32. Logical design: implements database requirements in a specific database sys- tem. Specifies tables, columns, and
keys.
33. Key: a column used to identify individual rows of a table.
34. Table diagram: depicts the logical design.
35. Schema: The logical design, as specified in SQL and depicted in a table dia- gram.
36. Data independence: The principle that physical design never affects query results.
37. Application programming interface / API: a library of procedures or classes that links a host programming
language to a database.
38. Mysql: a leading relational database system sponsored by Oracle.
, 39. Mysql Community /mysql Server: a free edition.
40. Mysql Enterprise: a paid edition for managing commercial databases, in- cludes mysql Server and additional
administrative applications.
*)((_)*(
41. Root account: the administrative account that has full control of mysql. )
42. Mysql Command-Line Client: a text interface included in the mysql Server download. Allows developers to
connect to the database server, perform adminis- trative functions, and execute SQL statements.
43. Error code: returned by mysql Server with a description when an SQL state- ment is syntactically incorrect or the
database cannot execute the statement.
44. Mysql Workbench: is installed with mysql Server and allows developers to execute SQL commands using an
editor.
45. Database model: a conceptual framework for database systems, with three parts:
- Data structures: that prescribe how data is organized.
- Operations: that manipulate data structures.
- Rules: that govern valid data.
46. Relational model: a database model based on a tabular data structure. The model was published in 1970 by E. F.
Codd of IBM and released in commercial products around 1980. The data structure, operations, and rules are
standardized in SQL, the universal query language of relational databases.
47. Set: an unordered collection of elements enclosed in braces.
48. Tuple: an ordered collection of elements enclosed in parentheses.
49. Relational rules: part of the relational model and govern data in every relational database.
50. Business rules: based on business policy and specific to a particular database.
51. Structured Query Language / SQL: a high-level computer language for storing, manipulating, and retrieving data.
52. Statement: a complete command composed of one or more clauses. An SQL
Is a database command, such as a query that inserts, selects, updates, or deletes data.
53. Clause: groups SQL keywords like SELECT, FROM, and WHERE with table names like City, column names like
Name, and conditions like Population > 100000.
54. Data Definition Language: defines the structure of the database.
55. Data Query Language: retrieves data from the database.
56. Data Manipulation Language: manipulates data stored in a database.
57. Data Control Language: controls database user access.
58. Data Transaction Language: manages database transactions.
