NUR 426 - Final Exam
1. What is the difference between Primary - caused by the mechanism of injury
a primary and secondary head Secondary - caused by consequences of the injury, such as
injury? brain swelling
2. What are clinical manifesta- - Otorrhea/rhinorrhea
tions of basilar skull fractures? - Periorbital ecchymosis/Raccoon eyes
- postauricular bruising/Battle's sign
- Vertigo
- Tinnitus
- Bulging tympanic membrane
- Facial paralysis
3. What are basilar skull fractures? fracture at the base of the skull
4. What is Battle's sign? bruising behind the ear
5. What is Battle's sign indicative basilar skull fracture
of?
6. What are raccoon eyes indica- basilar skull fracture
tive of?
1/8
, NUR 426 - Final Exam
7. What are complications of basi- - Intracranial infections
lar skull fractures? - Brain tissue damage
- Hematoma
8. What is the halo sign? CSF forms yellow-ish halo around blood
9. When testing rhinorrhea, the presence
(presence/absence) of glucose
indicates it is CSF.
10. What are Burr holes used for? Burr holes can be used to relieve pressure on the brain when
fluid, such as blood, builds up and starts to compress brain
tissue
11. What are symptoms of a con- - Sometimes a loss of consciousness
cussion? - Brief disruptions in LOC
- Headache
- Retrograde amnesia
12. When does post-concussive 2 weeks-2 months
syndrome occur?
2/8
1. What is the difference between Primary - caused by the mechanism of injury
a primary and secondary head Secondary - caused by consequences of the injury, such as
injury? brain swelling
2. What are clinical manifesta- - Otorrhea/rhinorrhea
tions of basilar skull fractures? - Periorbital ecchymosis/Raccoon eyes
- postauricular bruising/Battle's sign
- Vertigo
- Tinnitus
- Bulging tympanic membrane
- Facial paralysis
3. What are basilar skull fractures? fracture at the base of the skull
4. What is Battle's sign? bruising behind the ear
5. What is Battle's sign indicative basilar skull fracture
of?
6. What are raccoon eyes indica- basilar skull fracture
tive of?
1/8
, NUR 426 - Final Exam
7. What are complications of basi- - Intracranial infections
lar skull fractures? - Brain tissue damage
- Hematoma
8. What is the halo sign? CSF forms yellow-ish halo around blood
9. When testing rhinorrhea, the presence
(presence/absence) of glucose
indicates it is CSF.
10. What are Burr holes used for? Burr holes can be used to relieve pressure on the brain when
fluid, such as blood, builds up and starts to compress brain
tissue
11. What are symptoms of a con- - Sometimes a loss of consciousness
cussion? - Brief disruptions in LOC
- Headache
- Retrograde amnesia
12. When does post-concussive 2 weeks-2 months
syndrome occur?
2/8
