MH 701 exam 1 Comprehensive Exam Study Guide
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What is the DSM5 - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Definitions of disorders based on clinical features.
Diagnostic criteria is a list of clinical features That need to be present for diagnosis. Increases
reliability for diagnostic process.
Pharmacokinetics - What the body does to a drug.(metabolism) Goal is to make is more
water soluble so it can be excreted.
Pharmacodynamics - The study of what the drug does to the body. Interaction between
the drug and the receptor.
Pharmacogenetics - Differences in how individuals metabolize drugs. (Ultra rapid
metabolizers or extensive metabolizers of slow metabolizers)
Toxicity - the degree to which a substance is biologically harmful. When a person has
accumulated too much in the blood stream.
Steady state - The time which the concentration of the drug in the body stays consistent.
(usually 4-5 half lives if the drug is given consistently)
Half-Life - Safe dosage interval. The amount of time it takes a drug to be reduced in the
blood by 50%.
What are the general classes of psychotropic medications? - Antidepressants,
antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, hypnotics, anxiolytics, cognitive enhancer and stimulants.
What is meant by a drug causing an agonist type of reaction at the receptor site? - A drug
or medication that binds to a specific receptor producing an effect identical to that usually
produced by the neurotransmitter affecting that receptor. (Drugs are often designed as receptor
agonists to treat a variety of diseases in which the original neurotransmitter is missing or
diminished.)
What is meant by a drug causing an antagonist type of reaction at the receptor site? - A
compound that binds to a receptor that blocks or reduces the action of another substance at
the receptor site involved.
,Competitive antagonists: - Compete with an agonist for a receptor. EX, drugs for
schizophrenia block dopamine 2 receptors, naltrexone and naloxone are opioid antagonists.
What is meant by a drug causing a partial agonist type of action at a receptor site? - A
compound that possess affinity for a receptor, but elicits a partial pharmacological response at
the receptor involved. Partial agonists are often structural analogs of agonist molecules. If
neurotransmitters a low, partial agonists may behave as agonists.
What is meant by a drug causing an inverse agonist type of action at the receptor site? -
An inverse agonist is an agent that binds to the same receptors as an agonist for that
receptor but produces the opposite pharmacological effect.
What is the significance of understanding about CYP 450 when prescribing various medications
that may affect this? - CYP 450 is an enzyme that helps break down drugs. There are
some drugs that are either inhibitors or inducers of the CYP 450 enzyme.
The inhibitors inhibit the enzyme from working, therefore decreasing drug metabolism and can
cause toxicity.
The inducers speed up the CYP 450 enzyme , therefore increases the drug metabolism and
causes a sub-therapeutic affect.
What medications are most affected to the CYP 450 enzyme? - Mnemonic for inducers:
CRAP GPS induces my rage:
C: carbamazepine
R: Rifampin
A: Alcohol
P: Phenytoin
G:Grisofulvin
P: Phenobarbital
S: Sulfonylureas
Inhibitors:
Valproate
Ketoconazole
Sulfonamides
, Chloramphenicol
Amiodarone
Erythromycin
Quinidine
Grapefruit juice
Ultrametabolizers - May need higher doses to have therapeutic affect.
Poor metabolizers - are at risk of toxicity & adverse drug event.
What are the 4 tracts of the basal ganglia that can affect psychiatric or neurological disorders? -
Corpus-striatum:
Globus pallidus:
Substania nigra:
Subthalamic nucleus
What is the function of the limbic system related to psychiatric disorders. - Responsible
for emotional expression & motivation, learning & memory (excessive reactions to situations or
reduced emotional response = damage to this area).
How would your know if someone's frontal lobe was damaged? - Possibility for people
who display disinhibition.(poos impulse control and inappropriate behavior), disorganized
behavior (memory deficits and poor planning) and are apathetic (unmotivated). Would show
gray matter loss.
Monoamine neurotransmitters common in psychiatric disorders: - Serotonin,
norepinephrine and dopamine.
Serotonin: MOA, Sx of deficiency, Sx of excess, drugs - MOA: regulates mood, sleep,
appetite, sex, pain and instincts.
Symptoms of insufficiency: Depression, anxiety, pain sensitivity, carb craving, difficulty
concentrating, poor sleep, constipation.
Symptoms of excess: Shivering, diarrhea, muscle rigidity, fever, seizures, irregular HB.
Depression, apathy, passivity, insomnia, difficulty concentrating, learning, poor memory,
decision making difficulty, sexual dysfunction.
Drugs increase serotonin: SSRI's. sertraline, paroxetine, escitalopram, citalopram, fluoxetine.
2025 | Pass Guaranteed | Verified Content
What is the DSM5 - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Definitions of disorders based on clinical features.
Diagnostic criteria is a list of clinical features That need to be present for diagnosis. Increases
reliability for diagnostic process.
Pharmacokinetics - What the body does to a drug.(metabolism) Goal is to make is more
water soluble so it can be excreted.
Pharmacodynamics - The study of what the drug does to the body. Interaction between
the drug and the receptor.
Pharmacogenetics - Differences in how individuals metabolize drugs. (Ultra rapid
metabolizers or extensive metabolizers of slow metabolizers)
Toxicity - the degree to which a substance is biologically harmful. When a person has
accumulated too much in the blood stream.
Steady state - The time which the concentration of the drug in the body stays consistent.
(usually 4-5 half lives if the drug is given consistently)
Half-Life - Safe dosage interval. The amount of time it takes a drug to be reduced in the
blood by 50%.
What are the general classes of psychotropic medications? - Antidepressants,
antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, hypnotics, anxiolytics, cognitive enhancer and stimulants.
What is meant by a drug causing an agonist type of reaction at the receptor site? - A drug
or medication that binds to a specific receptor producing an effect identical to that usually
produced by the neurotransmitter affecting that receptor. (Drugs are often designed as receptor
agonists to treat a variety of diseases in which the original neurotransmitter is missing or
diminished.)
What is meant by a drug causing an antagonist type of reaction at the receptor site? - A
compound that binds to a receptor that blocks or reduces the action of another substance at
the receptor site involved.
,Competitive antagonists: - Compete with an agonist for a receptor. EX, drugs for
schizophrenia block dopamine 2 receptors, naltrexone and naloxone are opioid antagonists.
What is meant by a drug causing a partial agonist type of action at a receptor site? - A
compound that possess affinity for a receptor, but elicits a partial pharmacological response at
the receptor involved. Partial agonists are often structural analogs of agonist molecules. If
neurotransmitters a low, partial agonists may behave as agonists.
What is meant by a drug causing an inverse agonist type of action at the receptor site? -
An inverse agonist is an agent that binds to the same receptors as an agonist for that
receptor but produces the opposite pharmacological effect.
What is the significance of understanding about CYP 450 when prescribing various medications
that may affect this? - CYP 450 is an enzyme that helps break down drugs. There are
some drugs that are either inhibitors or inducers of the CYP 450 enzyme.
The inhibitors inhibit the enzyme from working, therefore decreasing drug metabolism and can
cause toxicity.
The inducers speed up the CYP 450 enzyme , therefore increases the drug metabolism and
causes a sub-therapeutic affect.
What medications are most affected to the CYP 450 enzyme? - Mnemonic for inducers:
CRAP GPS induces my rage:
C: carbamazepine
R: Rifampin
A: Alcohol
P: Phenytoin
G:Grisofulvin
P: Phenobarbital
S: Sulfonylureas
Inhibitors:
Valproate
Ketoconazole
Sulfonamides
, Chloramphenicol
Amiodarone
Erythromycin
Quinidine
Grapefruit juice
Ultrametabolizers - May need higher doses to have therapeutic affect.
Poor metabolizers - are at risk of toxicity & adverse drug event.
What are the 4 tracts of the basal ganglia that can affect psychiatric or neurological disorders? -
Corpus-striatum:
Globus pallidus:
Substania nigra:
Subthalamic nucleus
What is the function of the limbic system related to psychiatric disorders. - Responsible
for emotional expression & motivation, learning & memory (excessive reactions to situations or
reduced emotional response = damage to this area).
How would your know if someone's frontal lobe was damaged? - Possibility for people
who display disinhibition.(poos impulse control and inappropriate behavior), disorganized
behavior (memory deficits and poor planning) and are apathetic (unmotivated). Would show
gray matter loss.
Monoamine neurotransmitters common in psychiatric disorders: - Serotonin,
norepinephrine and dopamine.
Serotonin: MOA, Sx of deficiency, Sx of excess, drugs - MOA: regulates mood, sleep,
appetite, sex, pain and instincts.
Symptoms of insufficiency: Depression, anxiety, pain sensitivity, carb craving, difficulty
concentrating, poor sleep, constipation.
Symptoms of excess: Shivering, diarrhea, muscle rigidity, fever, seizures, irregular HB.
Depression, apathy, passivity, insomnia, difficulty concentrating, learning, poor memory,
decision making difficulty, sexual dysfunction.
Drugs increase serotonin: SSRI's. sertraline, paroxetine, escitalopram, citalopram, fluoxetine.
