PN FUNDAMENTALS EXAM SCRIPT 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔With what condition is intraocular pressure elevated? - ✔✔elevated with glaucoma,
especially angle-closure glaucoma.
✔✔What does gonioscopy allow visualization of? - ✔✔the iridocorneal angle or anterior
chamber of the eyes
✔✔What does Slit lamp allows visualization of? - ✔✔the anterior portion of the eye,
such as the cornea, anterior chamber, and the lens.
✔✔An alteration in the middle ear that blocks sound waves before they reach the inner
ear. - ✔✔Conductive hearing loss
✔✔an alteration in the inner ear that involves cranial nerve VIII or cochlear damage. -
✔✔Sensorineural hearing loss
✔✔presbycusis - ✔✔decreased ability to hear high-pitched sounds
✔✔Patient's with conductive hearing loss hear better in what kind of environments? -
✔✔loud
✔✔What would a Rinne test look like for a pt with conductive hearing loss? -
✔✔demonstrates that air conduction of sound is less than or equal to bone conduction
(AC < or = to BC)
✔✔What would a Weber test show with a pt with conductive hearing loss? - ✔✔Weber
test that lateralizes to the affected ear
✔✔What would a Rinne test look like for a pt with sensorineural hearing loss? -
✔✔demonstrates expected response of air conduction is greater than bone conduction
(AC > BC), but length of time is decreased for both
✔✔What would a Weber test show for a pt with sensorineural hearing loss? - ✔✔Weber
test that lateralizes to unaffected ear
✔✔mydriasis - ✔✔dilation of the pupil
✔✔What does an otoscope show? - ✔✔An otoscope allows visualization of the external
auditory canal, the tympanic membrane (TM),
and malleus bone visible through the TM
, ✔✔What should the TM look like? - ✔✔The tympanic membrane should be pearly gray
and intact. It should provide complete
structural separation of the outer and middle ear structures
✔✔Where should the light reflex be visible on the TM? - ✔✔The light reflex should be
visible from the center of the TM anteriorly (5 o'clock right ear;
7 o'clock left ear).
✔✔How often do you need to get a new rx for restraints on an adult? - ✔✔Every 4
hours
✔✔How often do you need to get a new rx for restraints on a pt aged 9-17 years old? -
✔✔every 2 hours
✔✔How often do you need to get a new rx for restraints on a pt younger than 9 years
old? - ✔✔Every hour
✔✔What is the maximum time of consecutive hours you can use restraints? - ✔✔24
hours
✔✔How much room do you need to leave between the restraint and the patient? - ✔✔2
fingers
✔✔When opening a sterile pack, you should open the first flap which direction? -
✔✔Away from your body
✔✔When pouring solution into a cup on the sterile field, how should you hold the
solution? - ✔✔With your hand over the label
✔✔What are three medications that change the urine color? - ✔✔Phenazopyridine,
amitriptyline, levodopa
✔✔What color does amitriptyline turn your urine? - ✔✔Blue/green
✔✔What color does levodopa turn your urine? - ✔✔Brown/black
✔✔How much urine output is the bare minimum and the physician should be called for?
- ✔✔30ml/hr for 2 consecutive hours
✔✔How often should you clean a urinary catheter? - ✔✔At least 3 times a day and after
defecation
✔✔Class of oxybutynine - ✔✔Urinary antispasmodic
WITH ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔With what condition is intraocular pressure elevated? - ✔✔elevated with glaucoma,
especially angle-closure glaucoma.
✔✔What does gonioscopy allow visualization of? - ✔✔the iridocorneal angle or anterior
chamber of the eyes
✔✔What does Slit lamp allows visualization of? - ✔✔the anterior portion of the eye,
such as the cornea, anterior chamber, and the lens.
✔✔An alteration in the middle ear that blocks sound waves before they reach the inner
ear. - ✔✔Conductive hearing loss
✔✔an alteration in the inner ear that involves cranial nerve VIII or cochlear damage. -
✔✔Sensorineural hearing loss
✔✔presbycusis - ✔✔decreased ability to hear high-pitched sounds
✔✔Patient's with conductive hearing loss hear better in what kind of environments? -
✔✔loud
✔✔What would a Rinne test look like for a pt with conductive hearing loss? -
✔✔demonstrates that air conduction of sound is less than or equal to bone conduction
(AC < or = to BC)
✔✔What would a Weber test show with a pt with conductive hearing loss? - ✔✔Weber
test that lateralizes to the affected ear
✔✔What would a Rinne test look like for a pt with sensorineural hearing loss? -
✔✔demonstrates expected response of air conduction is greater than bone conduction
(AC > BC), but length of time is decreased for both
✔✔What would a Weber test show for a pt with sensorineural hearing loss? - ✔✔Weber
test that lateralizes to unaffected ear
✔✔mydriasis - ✔✔dilation of the pupil
✔✔What does an otoscope show? - ✔✔An otoscope allows visualization of the external
auditory canal, the tympanic membrane (TM),
and malleus bone visible through the TM
, ✔✔What should the TM look like? - ✔✔The tympanic membrane should be pearly gray
and intact. It should provide complete
structural separation of the outer and middle ear structures
✔✔Where should the light reflex be visible on the TM? - ✔✔The light reflex should be
visible from the center of the TM anteriorly (5 o'clock right ear;
7 o'clock left ear).
✔✔How often do you need to get a new rx for restraints on an adult? - ✔✔Every 4
hours
✔✔How often do you need to get a new rx for restraints on a pt aged 9-17 years old? -
✔✔every 2 hours
✔✔How often do you need to get a new rx for restraints on a pt younger than 9 years
old? - ✔✔Every hour
✔✔What is the maximum time of consecutive hours you can use restraints? - ✔✔24
hours
✔✔How much room do you need to leave between the restraint and the patient? - ✔✔2
fingers
✔✔When opening a sterile pack, you should open the first flap which direction? -
✔✔Away from your body
✔✔When pouring solution into a cup on the sterile field, how should you hold the
solution? - ✔✔With your hand over the label
✔✔What are three medications that change the urine color? - ✔✔Phenazopyridine,
amitriptyline, levodopa
✔✔What color does amitriptyline turn your urine? - ✔✔Blue/green
✔✔What color does levodopa turn your urine? - ✔✔Brown/black
✔✔How much urine output is the bare minimum and the physician should be called for?
- ✔✔30ml/hr for 2 consecutive hours
✔✔How often should you clean a urinary catheter? - ✔✔At least 3 times a day and after
defecation
✔✔Class of oxybutynine - ✔✔Urinary antispasmodic
