PN FUNDAMENTALS 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Prodromal stage - ✔✔interval from onset of general symptoms to more distinct
symptoms. During this time, the pathogen is multiplying
✔✔illness stage - ✔✔the interval when symptoms specific to the infection occur
✔✔convalescence - ✔✔Interval when acute symptoms disappear. Total recovery could
take days to months.
✔✔antipyretic - ✔✔are used for fever and discomfort as prescribed (acetaminophen and
aspirin)
✔✔stress incontinence - ✔✔Loss of urine due to increase in intro abdominal pressure
like when sneezing or coughing
✔✔Urge incontinence - ✔✔inability to stop urine flow long enough to reach the
bathroom due to an overactive detrusor muscle with increased bladder pressure
✔✔overflow incontinence - ✔✔urinary retention from bladder overdistention and
frequent loss of small amounts of urine due to obstruction of the urinary outlet or an
impaired detrusor muscle
✔✔functional incontinence - ✔✔loss of urine due to factors that interfere with
responding to the need to urinate, such as cognitive, mobility, and environmental
barriers
✔✔total incontinence - ✔✔unpredictable, involuntary loss of urine that generally does
not respond to treatment
✔✔Physiological
Safety and security
Love and belonging
Self-esteem
Self-actualization - ✔✔Maslow's Hierarchy of basic needs
✔✔Inspection - ✔✔_____ begins with the first interaction and continues throughout the
examination
✔✔Palpation - ✔✔____ is the use of touch to determine the size, consistency , texture,
temperature, location and tenderness of the skin, underlying tissues.
✔✔dorsal surface - ✔✔the _____ is the most sensitive to temperature
, ✔✔Percussion - ✔✔_____ involves tapping body parts with fingers, fists, or small
instruments to vibrate underlying tissues and evaluate size, location, tenderness and
presence or absence of fluid or air in body organs
✔✔direct percussion - ✔✔_____ involves striking the body to elicit sounds
✔✔Indirect percussion - ✔✔placing a hand flatly on the body, as the striking surface, for
sound production
✔✔Fist percussion - ✔✔helps identify tenderness over the kidneys, liver, and
gallbladder
✔✔Tachycardia - ✔✔A rate greater than the expected range or greater than 100/min
✔✔Epistaxis - ✔✔nosebleed
✔✔steatorrhea - ✔✔Foul, fatty, frothy stools, known as, ______ are a manifestation of
celiac disease, a malabsorption syndrome.
✔✔Airborne precautions - ✔✔measles, varicella, tuberculosis
✔✔Droplet precautions - ✔✔streptococcal B, scarlet fever, rubella, pertussis,
pharyngitis or pneumonia, haemophilus influenza, mumps, mycoplasma pneumonia,
meningococcal pneumonia and sepsis, pneumonic plague
✔✔contact precautions - ✔✔Respiratory syncytial virus, shigella, enteric diseases
caused by microorganisms, wound infections, herpes simplex, impetigo, scabies, multi
drug-resistant organisms
✔✔clear liquid diet - ✔✔broth, bouillon, coffee, tea, carbonated beverages, clear fruit
juices, gelatin, and popsicles
✔✔full liquid diet - ✔✔clear liquids with the addition of smooth-textured dairy products,
custards, refined cooked cereals, vegetable juice, and all fruit juices
✔✔pureed food - ✔✔full liquids with the addition of scrambled eggs and pureed meats,
vegetables, fruits, as well as mashed potatoes and gravy
✔✔Hydrogel - ✔✔maintains a moist surface to support healing
✔✔4.6-8.0 - ✔✔Normal pH range for urine
✔✔0-4,000/mm - ✔✔normal range of WBC
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Prodromal stage - ✔✔interval from onset of general symptoms to more distinct
symptoms. During this time, the pathogen is multiplying
✔✔illness stage - ✔✔the interval when symptoms specific to the infection occur
✔✔convalescence - ✔✔Interval when acute symptoms disappear. Total recovery could
take days to months.
✔✔antipyretic - ✔✔are used for fever and discomfort as prescribed (acetaminophen and
aspirin)
✔✔stress incontinence - ✔✔Loss of urine due to increase in intro abdominal pressure
like when sneezing or coughing
✔✔Urge incontinence - ✔✔inability to stop urine flow long enough to reach the
bathroom due to an overactive detrusor muscle with increased bladder pressure
✔✔overflow incontinence - ✔✔urinary retention from bladder overdistention and
frequent loss of small amounts of urine due to obstruction of the urinary outlet or an
impaired detrusor muscle
✔✔functional incontinence - ✔✔loss of urine due to factors that interfere with
responding to the need to urinate, such as cognitive, mobility, and environmental
barriers
✔✔total incontinence - ✔✔unpredictable, involuntary loss of urine that generally does
not respond to treatment
✔✔Physiological
Safety and security
Love and belonging
Self-esteem
Self-actualization - ✔✔Maslow's Hierarchy of basic needs
✔✔Inspection - ✔✔_____ begins with the first interaction and continues throughout the
examination
✔✔Palpation - ✔✔____ is the use of touch to determine the size, consistency , texture,
temperature, location and tenderness of the skin, underlying tissues.
✔✔dorsal surface - ✔✔the _____ is the most sensitive to temperature
, ✔✔Percussion - ✔✔_____ involves tapping body parts with fingers, fists, or small
instruments to vibrate underlying tissues and evaluate size, location, tenderness and
presence or absence of fluid or air in body organs
✔✔direct percussion - ✔✔_____ involves striking the body to elicit sounds
✔✔Indirect percussion - ✔✔placing a hand flatly on the body, as the striking surface, for
sound production
✔✔Fist percussion - ✔✔helps identify tenderness over the kidneys, liver, and
gallbladder
✔✔Tachycardia - ✔✔A rate greater than the expected range or greater than 100/min
✔✔Epistaxis - ✔✔nosebleed
✔✔steatorrhea - ✔✔Foul, fatty, frothy stools, known as, ______ are a manifestation of
celiac disease, a malabsorption syndrome.
✔✔Airborne precautions - ✔✔measles, varicella, tuberculosis
✔✔Droplet precautions - ✔✔streptococcal B, scarlet fever, rubella, pertussis,
pharyngitis or pneumonia, haemophilus influenza, mumps, mycoplasma pneumonia,
meningococcal pneumonia and sepsis, pneumonic plague
✔✔contact precautions - ✔✔Respiratory syncytial virus, shigella, enteric diseases
caused by microorganisms, wound infections, herpes simplex, impetigo, scabies, multi
drug-resistant organisms
✔✔clear liquid diet - ✔✔broth, bouillon, coffee, tea, carbonated beverages, clear fruit
juices, gelatin, and popsicles
✔✔full liquid diet - ✔✔clear liquids with the addition of smooth-textured dairy products,
custards, refined cooked cereals, vegetable juice, and all fruit juices
✔✔pureed food - ✔✔full liquids with the addition of scrambled eggs and pureed meats,
vegetables, fruits, as well as mashed potatoes and gravy
✔✔Hydrogel - ✔✔maintains a moist surface to support healing
✔✔4.6-8.0 - ✔✔Normal pH range for urine
✔✔0-4,000/mm - ✔✔normal range of WBC
