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NUR 204
NUR 204/ NUR204 Exam 2 | Questions &
Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified
Solutions) (2025/ 2026 Update)
1. What are the four methods of heat loss?: Radiation, conduction,
convection, and evaporation
2. Radiation: - is the transfer of heat from surface of one object to the
surface of another without direct contact between two.
- can be considerable during surgery when the patient's skin is
exposed to a cool environment.
3. Conduction: is the transfer of heat from one object to another with
direct contact.
- The body loses heat by conduction when it makes contact with
materials cooler than skin temperature (e.g., application of an ice
pack.) 13. Convection: is the transfer of heat away by air movement.
- The rate of heat loss increases when moistened skin comes into
contact with slightly moving air.
NUR 204
,4. Evaporation: is the transfer of hear energy when a liquid is
changed to a gas.
- The body continuously loses heat by evaporation.
5. Diaphoresis: is visible perspiration (sweating) primarily occurring
on the forehead and upper thorax, although it occurs in other places
on the body.
6. How does the skin contribute to heat loss?: The skin structure
and exposure to the environment result in constant heat loss
7. What is the acceptable temperature range for the human
body?: 36° C to
38° C (98.6° F to 100.4° F)
8. Name some sites where body temperature can be measured.:
Oral, rectal, axillary, tympanic membrane, temporal artery,
esophageal, pulmonary artery
9. Skin in temperature regulation: The skin regulates temperature
through insulation of the body, vasoconstriction (which affects the
amount of blood flow and heat loss to the skin), and temperature
sensation.
,® The skin, subcutaneous tissue, and fat keep heat inside the body.
10. Behavioral control: Healthy individuals maintain a
comfortable body temperature when exposed to temperature
extremes.
® The ability of a person to control body temperature depends on:
1) The degree of temperature extreme,
2) The person's ability to sense feeling comfortable or uncomfortable,
3) Thought process or emotions, and
4) The person's mobility or ability to removed or add clothes.
11. Factors affecting body temperature: Age, exercise,
hormone level, circadian rhythm, stress, environment, and
temperature alterations
12. Age: - the older adults have a narrower range of body
temperature than the younger adults.
- older adults are particularly sensitive to temperature extremes
because of deterioration in control mechanisms, particularly poor
vasomotor control, reduced amounts of subcutaneous tissue,
reduced sweat gland activity, and reduced metabolism.
, - newborn loses up to 30% of body heat through the head.
13. Exercise: Muscle activity requires an increased blood
supply and carbohydrate and fat breakdown.
14. Hormone Level: Body temperature changes also occur in
women during menopause (cessation of menstruations).
15. Circadian rhythm: Body temperature normally change 0.5
degree to 1 degree Celsius (0.9 degree to 1.8 degree Fahrenheit)
during a 24-hour period.
16. Stress: Physical and emotional stress increase body
temperature through hormonal and neural stimulation.
These physiological changes increase metabolism, which increase
heat production. 17. Environment: Environment influences body
temperature.
Environmental temperatures affect infants and older adults more often
because their temperature-regulating mechanisms are less efficient.
18. Temperature Alterations: Fever, hyperthermia, heat stroke,
heat exhaustion, hypothermia
NUR 204
NUR 204/ NUR204 Exam 2 | Questions &
Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified
Solutions) (2025/ 2026 Update)
1. What are the four methods of heat loss?: Radiation, conduction,
convection, and evaporation
2. Radiation: - is the transfer of heat from surface of one object to the
surface of another without direct contact between two.
- can be considerable during surgery when the patient's skin is
exposed to a cool environment.
3. Conduction: is the transfer of heat from one object to another with
direct contact.
- The body loses heat by conduction when it makes contact with
materials cooler than skin temperature (e.g., application of an ice
pack.) 13. Convection: is the transfer of heat away by air movement.
- The rate of heat loss increases when moistened skin comes into
contact with slightly moving air.
NUR 204
,4. Evaporation: is the transfer of hear energy when a liquid is
changed to a gas.
- The body continuously loses heat by evaporation.
5. Diaphoresis: is visible perspiration (sweating) primarily occurring
on the forehead and upper thorax, although it occurs in other places
on the body.
6. How does the skin contribute to heat loss?: The skin structure
and exposure to the environment result in constant heat loss
7. What is the acceptable temperature range for the human
body?: 36° C to
38° C (98.6° F to 100.4° F)
8. Name some sites where body temperature can be measured.:
Oral, rectal, axillary, tympanic membrane, temporal artery,
esophageal, pulmonary artery
9. Skin in temperature regulation: The skin regulates temperature
through insulation of the body, vasoconstriction (which affects the
amount of blood flow and heat loss to the skin), and temperature
sensation.
,® The skin, subcutaneous tissue, and fat keep heat inside the body.
10. Behavioral control: Healthy individuals maintain a
comfortable body temperature when exposed to temperature
extremes.
® The ability of a person to control body temperature depends on:
1) The degree of temperature extreme,
2) The person's ability to sense feeling comfortable or uncomfortable,
3) Thought process or emotions, and
4) The person's mobility or ability to removed or add clothes.
11. Factors affecting body temperature: Age, exercise,
hormone level, circadian rhythm, stress, environment, and
temperature alterations
12. Age: - the older adults have a narrower range of body
temperature than the younger adults.
- older adults are particularly sensitive to temperature extremes
because of deterioration in control mechanisms, particularly poor
vasomotor control, reduced amounts of subcutaneous tissue,
reduced sweat gland activity, and reduced metabolism.
, - newborn loses up to 30% of body heat through the head.
13. Exercise: Muscle activity requires an increased blood
supply and carbohydrate and fat breakdown.
14. Hormone Level: Body temperature changes also occur in
women during menopause (cessation of menstruations).
15. Circadian rhythm: Body temperature normally change 0.5
degree to 1 degree Celsius (0.9 degree to 1.8 degree Fahrenheit)
during a 24-hour period.
16. Stress: Physical and emotional stress increase body
temperature through hormonal and neural stimulation.
These physiological changes increase metabolism, which increase
heat production. 17. Environment: Environment influences body
temperature.
Environmental temperatures affect infants and older adults more often
because their temperature-regulating mechanisms are less efficient.
18. Temperature Alterations: Fever, hyperthermia, heat stroke,
heat exhaustion, hypothermia
