ASSIGNMENT 2 2025
UNIQUE NO. 800278
DUE DATE: 25 JUNE 2025
, COS2661
Assignment 2 2025
Unique Number: 800278
Due Date: 25 June 2025
Formal Logic II
Question 1 [8 Marks]
1.1
Tautological equivalence of: ∃x ¬P(x)
Answer:
¬∀x P(x)
Explanation: This equivalence is based on the principle that "there exists an x such
that P(x) is not true" is logically the same as "it is not true that P(x) holds for all x".
1.2
Tautological equivalence of: ∀x ¬P(x)
Answer:
¬∃x P(x)
Explanation: "For all x, P(x) is false" is logically equivalent to "there does not exist any
x such that P(x) is true".