HNSC 1210 Final || with certified answers.
describe a lipid correct answers they are soluble in organic solvent but not in water (our body is
mostly water)
what is the recommended amount for dietary fat? correct answers no more than 30% energy from
dietary fat
recommendation from saturated fat? correct answers no more than 10%
benefits of a low saturated and trans fat diet? correct answers helps to reduce blood cholesterol
amd thus heart disease
what does unsaturated fat do? correct answers can reduce blood clotting
what are 2 polyunsaturated fatty acids? correct answers omega-6 and omega-3
how much energy should come from omega-6? correct answers 5-10% energy
how much energy should come from omega-3? correct answers .6-1.2%
what are some foods high in cholesterol? correct answers eggs, shellfish and liver
describe triglycerides correct answers -95% of lipid in foods and body fat
-contain 3 fatty acids + a glycerol backbone
what is glycerol made from? correct answers glucose or amino acids
,what are fatty acids classified by? correct answers chain length and degree of saturation
chain lengths of fatty acids correct answers short= 10 or less carbons, medium=12-14 carbons,
long= 16 or more carbons
describe saturated correct answers -has NO double bonds (c=c)
-tend to be solid at room temperature
examples of saturated fats correct answers butterfield, coconut and palm oils
describe monounsaturated correct answers has 1 double bond
examples of monounsaturated fats correct answers conola and olive oils
describe polyunsaturated correct answers -2 or more double bonds
-tend to be liquid (oils) at room temperature
examples of polyunsaturated fats correct answers plant and fish oils
hydrogenation correct answers removing C=C double bonds by adding hydrogen, it creates trans-
fatty acids which act like saturated fatty acids in the body (increased risk for heart disease)
benefits of hydrogenation correct answers -better storage/less rancidity and high smoke point for
frying but there are health costs (such as cardiovascular disease)
where are trans fatty acids consumed from? correct answers in processed foods, fast food, baked
goods and potato chips
,examples of lipids correct answers phospholipids and sterols
describe phospholipids correct answers -glucerole molecule + 2 fatty acids + phosphorus
containing molecule
-water and fat soluble
-can serve as an emulsifer
examples of sterols correct answers Vit D, sex hormones (estrogen and testosteron), stress
hormone (epinephrine)
what is cholesterol? correct answers a sterol
describe cholesterol correct answers it is present in all cell membranes, bile and precursors for:
Vit D, sex and stress hormones
describe lipid digestion in the stomach correct answers fat separates from watery components
and floats to the top- little fat digestion takes place here
describe lipid digestion in the small intestine correct answers bile is needed to emulsify lipid and
chyme, pancreatic lipase (enzyme) is then used to split it into smaller particles
lipid digestion and absorption correct answers -small lipids enter the capillary network then into
the bloodstream
-large lipids (long chain fatty acids & monoglycerides) travel in the bloodstream as chylomicrons
what are the lipoproteins the body uses to transport fat? correct answers chylomicrons, very low
density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL)
describe chylomicrons correct answers dietary lipid and carrier protein that transports fats
through watery blood fluids
, describe very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) correct answers tryglycerides synthesized in the
liver to body cells
describe low density lipoprotein (LDL) correct answers carries triglycerides and cholesterol
circulating in the blood to body cells
describe high density lipoproteins (HDL) correct answers carries excess cholesterol in the body
to the liver for excretion
what is used for energy by many organs? correct answers fatty acids
what is the typical fuel mix? correct answers 50% carbohydrates, 50% lipids for liver and mucles
what develops if CHO is not available when fat is broken down for energy? correct answers
ketones develop and build up in the blood and urine
what are ketones? correct answers products of incomplete fat breakdown
what does high LDL cause? (low density lipoprotein) correct answers increased risk for heart
disease
major risk factors for heart disease? correct answers -high LDL
-low HDL
-a diet high in saturated and trans fats and low in vegetables, fruit and whole grain
-lifestyle factors
how much cholesterol is synthesized in the body? correct answers 75%-80%
describe a lipid correct answers they are soluble in organic solvent but not in water (our body is
mostly water)
what is the recommended amount for dietary fat? correct answers no more than 30% energy from
dietary fat
recommendation from saturated fat? correct answers no more than 10%
benefits of a low saturated and trans fat diet? correct answers helps to reduce blood cholesterol
amd thus heart disease
what does unsaturated fat do? correct answers can reduce blood clotting
what are 2 polyunsaturated fatty acids? correct answers omega-6 and omega-3
how much energy should come from omega-6? correct answers 5-10% energy
how much energy should come from omega-3? correct answers .6-1.2%
what are some foods high in cholesterol? correct answers eggs, shellfish and liver
describe triglycerides correct answers -95% of lipid in foods and body fat
-contain 3 fatty acids + a glycerol backbone
what is glycerol made from? correct answers glucose or amino acids
,what are fatty acids classified by? correct answers chain length and degree of saturation
chain lengths of fatty acids correct answers short= 10 or less carbons, medium=12-14 carbons,
long= 16 or more carbons
describe saturated correct answers -has NO double bonds (c=c)
-tend to be solid at room temperature
examples of saturated fats correct answers butterfield, coconut and palm oils
describe monounsaturated correct answers has 1 double bond
examples of monounsaturated fats correct answers conola and olive oils
describe polyunsaturated correct answers -2 or more double bonds
-tend to be liquid (oils) at room temperature
examples of polyunsaturated fats correct answers plant and fish oils
hydrogenation correct answers removing C=C double bonds by adding hydrogen, it creates trans-
fatty acids which act like saturated fatty acids in the body (increased risk for heart disease)
benefits of hydrogenation correct answers -better storage/less rancidity and high smoke point for
frying but there are health costs (such as cardiovascular disease)
where are trans fatty acids consumed from? correct answers in processed foods, fast food, baked
goods and potato chips
,examples of lipids correct answers phospholipids and sterols
describe phospholipids correct answers -glucerole molecule + 2 fatty acids + phosphorus
containing molecule
-water and fat soluble
-can serve as an emulsifer
examples of sterols correct answers Vit D, sex hormones (estrogen and testosteron), stress
hormone (epinephrine)
what is cholesterol? correct answers a sterol
describe cholesterol correct answers it is present in all cell membranes, bile and precursors for:
Vit D, sex and stress hormones
describe lipid digestion in the stomach correct answers fat separates from watery components
and floats to the top- little fat digestion takes place here
describe lipid digestion in the small intestine correct answers bile is needed to emulsify lipid and
chyme, pancreatic lipase (enzyme) is then used to split it into smaller particles
lipid digestion and absorption correct answers -small lipids enter the capillary network then into
the bloodstream
-large lipids (long chain fatty acids & monoglycerides) travel in the bloodstream as chylomicrons
what are the lipoproteins the body uses to transport fat? correct answers chylomicrons, very low
density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL)
describe chylomicrons correct answers dietary lipid and carrier protein that transports fats
through watery blood fluids
, describe very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) correct answers tryglycerides synthesized in the
liver to body cells
describe low density lipoprotein (LDL) correct answers carries triglycerides and cholesterol
circulating in the blood to body cells
describe high density lipoproteins (HDL) correct answers carries excess cholesterol in the body
to the liver for excretion
what is used for energy by many organs? correct answers fatty acids
what is the typical fuel mix? correct answers 50% carbohydrates, 50% lipids for liver and mucles
what develops if CHO is not available when fat is broken down for energy? correct answers
ketones develop and build up in the blood and urine
what are ketones? correct answers products of incomplete fat breakdown
what does high LDL cause? (low density lipoprotein) correct answers increased risk for heart
disease
major risk factors for heart disease? correct answers -high LDL
-low HDL
-a diet high in saturated and trans fats and low in vegetables, fruit and whole grain
-lifestyle factors
how much cholesterol is synthesized in the body? correct answers 75%-80%
