Orthotics/ Prosthetics Final exam Questions with
verified answers
As heel height of a shoe increases, the ankle ROM needed to lower the forefoot
does what? Ans✓✓✓ Increases
Does elbow disarticulation or long transhumeral allow for more use of prosthetic
elbow? Ans✓✓✓ Long transhumeral
Hip contractures less than how many degrees can be accommodated in a
transfemoral prosthetic socket? Ans✓✓✓ 25 degrees
How does severe hip flexion contractures affect an individual with a transfemoral
prosthesis? Ans✓✓✓ - limit the ability to stand upright
-limits the ability to balance over lower extremities
-limits ability to shift trunk during ambulation
-requires more energy for ambulation
How many inches are required on a long transhumeral disarticulation to
accommodate a mechanical elbow? Ans✓✓✓ 6 inches
In a double action ankle joint, a spring in the posterior channel and a pin in the
anterior channel does what? Ans✓✓✓ spring in the posterior channel provides
dorsiflexion assist. Anterior pin provides dorsiflexion stop.
In a dual cable body powered prosthesis, which shoulder movement will activate
the elbow locking mechanism? Ans✓✓✓ Rapid and forecefull shoulder extension
and abduction
,In a dual cable prosthetic system, which cable controls the locking and unlocking
of the elbow? Ans✓✓✓ The anterior cable
In a shoulder disarticulation, what happens d/t a loss of the weighted arm?
Ans✓✓✓ results in elevation of the shoulder and can lead to the development of
scoliosis.
In a trendelenburg gait, the trunk leans towards which side and the pelvis drops
to what side during stance? Ans✓✓✓ the trunk leans towards the same side of
the hip pathology, and the pelvis drops on the opposite side during stance
In a voluntary closing terminal device, what closes the device? Ans✓✓✓ Cables
close the device in proportion to the amount of tension
In a voluntary opening terminal device, what opens the device and what closes
the device? Ans✓✓✓ Cable opens the device and a rubber band or springs close
the device
In an Ischial containment socket, what does the socket encapsulate? What
changes are made to the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral dimensions in this
socket? Ans✓✓✓ Encapsulates the ischium, ischial ramus, and the greater
trochanter. The medial-lateral dimension is narrower and it increases the
anterior-posterior dimensions
In pediatric patients, which elbow disarticulation results in high incidence of bony
overgrowth? Ans✓✓✓ Transhumeral
, Is wrist disarticulation or transradial disarticulation harder to move through
pronation and supination? Ans✓✓✓ Transradial is harder to transmit supination
and pronation
Normal foot alignment is composed of what? Ans✓✓✓ neutral subtalar joint,
vertical calcaneus, and metatarsal heads perpendicular to neutral calcaneus
Pronation is a combination of what ankle motions? Ans✓✓✓ Abduction,
eversion, and DF
Supination is a combination of what movements? Ans✓✓✓ adduction, inversion,
and PF
TKA stands for what? In stance phase, where should the knee axis align?
Ans✓✓✓ Greater trochanter, knee, and ankle. The knee axis should be
positioned slightly posterior to the line from the greater trochanter to the ankle in
order to place the weight line anteriorly to result in an extensor moment.
What are causes of knee instability at initial contact to midstance with a
transfemoral prosthetic? Ans✓✓✓ - If the knee axis is anterior to the TKA line,
the body weight will fall behind the knee causing a flexion moment
-lack of adequate socket flexion limits active hip extension
What are the anterior and posterior trimlines for a spinal LSO? Ans✓✓✓
Anterior- below the ziphoid, symphysis pubis
posterior- below scapular angle, SC junction
verified answers
As heel height of a shoe increases, the ankle ROM needed to lower the forefoot
does what? Ans✓✓✓ Increases
Does elbow disarticulation or long transhumeral allow for more use of prosthetic
elbow? Ans✓✓✓ Long transhumeral
Hip contractures less than how many degrees can be accommodated in a
transfemoral prosthetic socket? Ans✓✓✓ 25 degrees
How does severe hip flexion contractures affect an individual with a transfemoral
prosthesis? Ans✓✓✓ - limit the ability to stand upright
-limits the ability to balance over lower extremities
-limits ability to shift trunk during ambulation
-requires more energy for ambulation
How many inches are required on a long transhumeral disarticulation to
accommodate a mechanical elbow? Ans✓✓✓ 6 inches
In a double action ankle joint, a spring in the posterior channel and a pin in the
anterior channel does what? Ans✓✓✓ spring in the posterior channel provides
dorsiflexion assist. Anterior pin provides dorsiflexion stop.
In a dual cable body powered prosthesis, which shoulder movement will activate
the elbow locking mechanism? Ans✓✓✓ Rapid and forecefull shoulder extension
and abduction
,In a dual cable prosthetic system, which cable controls the locking and unlocking
of the elbow? Ans✓✓✓ The anterior cable
In a shoulder disarticulation, what happens d/t a loss of the weighted arm?
Ans✓✓✓ results in elevation of the shoulder and can lead to the development of
scoliosis.
In a trendelenburg gait, the trunk leans towards which side and the pelvis drops
to what side during stance? Ans✓✓✓ the trunk leans towards the same side of
the hip pathology, and the pelvis drops on the opposite side during stance
In a voluntary closing terminal device, what closes the device? Ans✓✓✓ Cables
close the device in proportion to the amount of tension
In a voluntary opening terminal device, what opens the device and what closes
the device? Ans✓✓✓ Cable opens the device and a rubber band or springs close
the device
In an Ischial containment socket, what does the socket encapsulate? What
changes are made to the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral dimensions in this
socket? Ans✓✓✓ Encapsulates the ischium, ischial ramus, and the greater
trochanter. The medial-lateral dimension is narrower and it increases the
anterior-posterior dimensions
In pediatric patients, which elbow disarticulation results in high incidence of bony
overgrowth? Ans✓✓✓ Transhumeral
, Is wrist disarticulation or transradial disarticulation harder to move through
pronation and supination? Ans✓✓✓ Transradial is harder to transmit supination
and pronation
Normal foot alignment is composed of what? Ans✓✓✓ neutral subtalar joint,
vertical calcaneus, and metatarsal heads perpendicular to neutral calcaneus
Pronation is a combination of what ankle motions? Ans✓✓✓ Abduction,
eversion, and DF
Supination is a combination of what movements? Ans✓✓✓ adduction, inversion,
and PF
TKA stands for what? In stance phase, where should the knee axis align?
Ans✓✓✓ Greater trochanter, knee, and ankle. The knee axis should be
positioned slightly posterior to the line from the greater trochanter to the ankle in
order to place the weight line anteriorly to result in an extensor moment.
What are causes of knee instability at initial contact to midstance with a
transfemoral prosthetic? Ans✓✓✓ - If the knee axis is anterior to the TKA line,
the body weight will fall behind the knee causing a flexion moment
-lack of adequate socket flexion limits active hip extension
What are the anterior and posterior trimlines for a spinal LSO? Ans✓✓✓
Anterior- below the ziphoid, symphysis pubis
posterior- below scapular angle, SC junction
