Chapter 31 Alterations of Hematologic
Function in Children UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
where does erythropoiesis begin? - CORRECT ANSWER - in the vessels of the yolk sac
at how many weeks of gestation do erythrocytes deliver oxygen? - CORRECT ANSWER -
2 weeks
at how many weeks gestation do erythrocyte production shift to the liver sinusoids? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 8 weeks gestation, peaks at 4 months gestation
at how many months gestation does erythrocyte production begin in the bone marrow? -
CORRECT ANSWER - 5 months gestation
fetal hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER - ØTwo α-chains; two γ-chains
ØEmbryonic hemoglobins
•Gower 1, Gower 2, and Portland
ØFetal hemoglobin
•Hb F
between how many months of age are normal hemoglobin percentages established? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 6 and 12 months of age
Blood cell counts tend to ______ adult levels at birth and then gradually ____ throughout
childhood. - CORRECT ANSWER - rise above, decline.
Hematopoiesis increases during fetal life, the trauma of birth, and cutting of the umbilical cord.
, erythrocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - Present in large numbers in peripheral blood at
birth
These numbers decrease over first 2-3 months of life
lymphocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - are high at birth and continue to rise in some
healthy infants during the first year of life; then a steady decline occurs throughout childhood
and adolescence until adult values are reached
Neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - are all high at birth but start
to decline to adult levels
anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - most common blood disorder in children
what are the causes of anemia in children? - CORRECT ANSWER - Causes
ØIneffective erythropoiesis
ØPremature destruction of erythrocytes
ØMost common cause: iron deficiency
hemolytic anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - ØPremature destruction caused by intrinsic
abnormalities of the erythrocytes
ØDamaging extraerythrocytic factors
ØInherited, congenital, or both
iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - ØDue to dietary insufficiencies,
absorption problems, blood loss, increased iron requirement
•Cow's milk
ØClinical manifestations
•Irritability, decreased activity tolerance, weakness, lack of interest in play, and pica
•May affect attention span, alertness, and learning
Function in Children UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
where does erythropoiesis begin? - CORRECT ANSWER - in the vessels of the yolk sac
at how many weeks of gestation do erythrocytes deliver oxygen? - CORRECT ANSWER -
2 weeks
at how many weeks gestation do erythrocyte production shift to the liver sinusoids? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 8 weeks gestation, peaks at 4 months gestation
at how many months gestation does erythrocyte production begin in the bone marrow? -
CORRECT ANSWER - 5 months gestation
fetal hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER - ØTwo α-chains; two γ-chains
ØEmbryonic hemoglobins
•Gower 1, Gower 2, and Portland
ØFetal hemoglobin
•Hb F
between how many months of age are normal hemoglobin percentages established? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 6 and 12 months of age
Blood cell counts tend to ______ adult levels at birth and then gradually ____ throughout
childhood. - CORRECT ANSWER - rise above, decline.
Hematopoiesis increases during fetal life, the trauma of birth, and cutting of the umbilical cord.
, erythrocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - Present in large numbers in peripheral blood at
birth
These numbers decrease over first 2-3 months of life
lymphocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - are high at birth and continue to rise in some
healthy infants during the first year of life; then a steady decline occurs throughout childhood
and adolescence until adult values are reached
Neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - are all high at birth but start
to decline to adult levels
anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - most common blood disorder in children
what are the causes of anemia in children? - CORRECT ANSWER - Causes
ØIneffective erythropoiesis
ØPremature destruction of erythrocytes
ØMost common cause: iron deficiency
hemolytic anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - ØPremature destruction caused by intrinsic
abnormalities of the erythrocytes
ØDamaging extraerythrocytic factors
ØInherited, congenital, or both
iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER - ØDue to dietary insufficiencies,
absorption problems, blood loss, increased iron requirement
•Cow's milk
ØClinical manifestations
•Irritability, decreased activity tolerance, weakness, lack of interest in play, and pica
•May affect attention span, alertness, and learning
