Chapter 29 - Alterations of Erythrocyte
Platelet, Hemostatic Function UPDATED
ACTUL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What term is used to describe the capacity of some erythrocytes to vary in size, especially
in relationship to some anemias?
a. Poikilocytosis c. Anisocytosis
b. Isocytosis d. Microcytosis - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: C
Additional descriptors of erythrocytes associated with some anemias include anisocytosis
(assuming various sizes) or poikilocytosis (assuming various shapes) (see Figure 28-1).
The remaining terms are not associated with this condition
What is the fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia?
a. Hypotension c. Hypoxia
b. Hyperesthesia d. Ischemia - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: C
The fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia is a reduced oxygen-carrying
capacity of the blood, resulting in tissue hypoxia.
The paresthesia that occurs in vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is a result of which of the
following?
a. Reduction in acetylcholine receptors in the postsynaptic nerves
b. Myelin degeneration in the spinal cord
c. Destruction of myelin in peripheral nerves
d. Altered function of neurons in the parietal lobe - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: B
Effects on the nervous system can occur if a vitamin B12 deficiency causes the anemia.
Myelin degeneration may occur with the resultant loss of fibers in the spinal cord,
, producing paresthesia (numbness), gait disturbances, extreme weakness, spasticity, and
reflex abnormalities. This selection is the only option that accurately describes the cause of
paresthesia in such anemias.
Which of the following describes how the body compensates for anemia?
a. Increasing rate and depth of breathing
b. Decreasing capillary vasoconstriction
c. Hemoglobin holding more firmly onto oxygen
d. Kidneys releasing more erythropoietin - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: A
Tissue hypoxia creates additional demands and compensatory actions on the pulmonary
and hematologic systems. The rate and depth of breathing increase in an attempt to
increase the availability of oxygen. This selection is the only option that accurately
describes the compensation mechanism in such anemias.
Which of the following is classified as a megaloblastic anemia?
a. Iron deficiency c. Sideroblastic
b. Pernicious d. Hemolytic - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: B
Pernicious anemia is the most common type of megaloblastic anemia. The remaining
options are not classified as megaloblastic anemias.
Deficiencies in folate and vitamin B12 alter the synthesis of which of the following?
a. RNA c. DNA
b. Cell membrane d. Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: C
Deficiencies in folate and vitamin B12 result in defective erythrocyte precursor DNA
synthesis. These deficiencies are not associated with alterations of the other options
The underlying disorder of which anemia is a result of the defective secretion of the
intrinsic factor, which is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12?
Platelet, Hemostatic Function UPDATED
ACTUL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What term is used to describe the capacity of some erythrocytes to vary in size, especially
in relationship to some anemias?
a. Poikilocytosis c. Anisocytosis
b. Isocytosis d. Microcytosis - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: C
Additional descriptors of erythrocytes associated with some anemias include anisocytosis
(assuming various sizes) or poikilocytosis (assuming various shapes) (see Figure 28-1).
The remaining terms are not associated with this condition
What is the fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia?
a. Hypotension c. Hypoxia
b. Hyperesthesia d. Ischemia - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: C
The fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia is a reduced oxygen-carrying
capacity of the blood, resulting in tissue hypoxia.
The paresthesia that occurs in vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is a result of which of the
following?
a. Reduction in acetylcholine receptors in the postsynaptic nerves
b. Myelin degeneration in the spinal cord
c. Destruction of myelin in peripheral nerves
d. Altered function of neurons in the parietal lobe - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: B
Effects on the nervous system can occur if a vitamin B12 deficiency causes the anemia.
Myelin degeneration may occur with the resultant loss of fibers in the spinal cord,
, producing paresthesia (numbness), gait disturbances, extreme weakness, spasticity, and
reflex abnormalities. This selection is the only option that accurately describes the cause of
paresthesia in such anemias.
Which of the following describes how the body compensates for anemia?
a. Increasing rate and depth of breathing
b. Decreasing capillary vasoconstriction
c. Hemoglobin holding more firmly onto oxygen
d. Kidneys releasing more erythropoietin - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: A
Tissue hypoxia creates additional demands and compensatory actions on the pulmonary
and hematologic systems. The rate and depth of breathing increase in an attempt to
increase the availability of oxygen. This selection is the only option that accurately
describes the compensation mechanism in such anemias.
Which of the following is classified as a megaloblastic anemia?
a. Iron deficiency c. Sideroblastic
b. Pernicious d. Hemolytic - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: B
Pernicious anemia is the most common type of megaloblastic anemia. The remaining
options are not classified as megaloblastic anemias.
Deficiencies in folate and vitamin B12 alter the synthesis of which of the following?
a. RNA c. DNA
b. Cell membrane d. Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER - ANS: C
Deficiencies in folate and vitamin B12 result in defective erythrocyte precursor DNA
synthesis. These deficiencies are not associated with alterations of the other options
The underlying disorder of which anemia is a result of the defective secretion of the
intrinsic factor, which is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12?
