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Which of the following should be the primary focus of early language intervention
for at-risk infants?
A. Establishing object permanence through play activities
B. Training primary caregivers to facilitate language learning
C. Creating readiness activities in the context of play
D. Enhancing social communication through play activities - ANSWER✅✅ Correct
Answer: B
Option (B) is correct. Early language stimulation in at-risk infants is best provided by
primary caregivers who have been trained in practices that promote learning.
Which of the following should be the primary focus of early language intervention
for at-risk infants?
A. Establishing object permanence through play activities
B. Training primary caregivers to facilitate language learning
C. Creating readiness activities in the context of play
,D. Enhancing social communication through play activities - ANSWER✅✅ Correct
Answer: B
Option (B) is correct. Early language stimulation in at-risk infants is best provided by
primary caregivers who have been trained in practices that promote learning.
The figure above shows the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal structures involved in
swallowing. Which of the following best describes the transit of the bolus at the
moment depicted in the figure?
A. The bolus is traveling through the esophagus.
B. The bolus is being propelled from the oral cavity by the tongue and has entered
the pharynx.
C. The bolus has passively exited the oral cavity without propulsion by the tongue.
D. Laryngeal penetration of some of the bolus is evident. - ANSWER✅✅ Correct
Answer: B
Option (B) is correct. The tongue is in contact with the entire anterior and most of
the mid to posterior hard palate. Furthermore, the bolus head has passed the
epiglottis and is descending into the hypopharynx.
Primary motor innervation to the larynx and velum is provided by which cranial
nerve?
A. V
B. VII
C. IX
D. X - ANSWER✅✅ Correct Answer: D
Option (D) is correct. Primary innervation to the larynx and velum is provided by
cranial nerve X, the vagus nerve. The other answer choices identify cranial nerves
that are not primarily involved in motor innervation to the larynx and velum.
1. Answer the question below by clicking on the correct response.Top of Form
Fela is a third-grade student in a public school. She is a speaker of African American
Vernacular English (AAVE) who has difficulty with the Standard American English
(SAE) dialect used in her classroom. Her teacher believes that Fela's language skills
are affecting her academic performance and has referred her to the school's speech-
language pathologist. Which of the following is an appropriate rationale for
providing language intervention for Fela?
Select all that apply.
A. It will likely foster better communication with Fela's linguistically and culturally
diverse peers.
B. It will likely improve Fela's code-switching ability with her teacher and other adult
speakers of SAE.
C. It may expand Fela's later academic and vocational opportunities.
D. It will likely lead Fela to adopt SAE as her primary dialect. - ANSWER✅✅ Correct
Answer: A,B,C
Options (A), (B), and (C) are correct. The intervention will foster better
communication because Fela and her peers will have a common dialect. Also, the
intervention will provide Fela with the ability to switch easily between dialects using
,SAE structures. Furthermore, being able to switch codes will enable Fela to
participate in more educational and vocational opportunities.
1. Answer the question below by clicking on the correct response.
Federal laws regarding freedom of access to information stipulate that client records
kept or written by health care professionals can be
A. reviewed only by other health-care professionals
B. reviewed only by the clients themselves unless the client provides written
permission to share with others
C. reviewed by anyone who submits a formal written request
D. released only by subpoena - ANSWER✅✅ Correct Answer: B
Option (B) is correct. Clients have the right to review their own records.
1. Answer the question below by clicking on the correct response.Top of Form
To justify providing individual treatment for a 2½ year old with apraxia of speech,
which of the following would be LEAST important for the SLP to include in the
evaluation report?
A. A description of the child's typical interaction with peers
B. Relevant prognostic data
C. Information about apraxia of speech
D. A description of the language development of the child's older siblings -
ANSWER✅✅ Correct Answer: D
Option (D) is correct. A description of the child's older siblings' language
development does not provide the objective, documented evidence required to
justify provision of treatment for a child of an age at which some unintelligibility
would be typical.
1. Answer the question below by clicking on the correct response.Top of Form
The speech reception threshold (SRT) is a basic component of an evaluation of
hearing function. Which of the following statements about the SRT is most accurate?
A. It is measured in decibels and corresponds to the intensity level at which spondaic
words can be recognized approximately 50% of the time.
B. It makes use of test materials that are limited to monosyllabic words.
C. It provides information on how well speech is understood at conversational levels.
D. It is useful in validating acoustic intermittence measures. - ANSWER✅✅ Correct
Answer: A
Option (A) is correct. It is an accurate definition of the speech reception threshold.
1. Answer the question below by clicking on the correct response.
A clinician who employs active listening is doing which of the following?
A. Responding to both the content and the affect of the client's remarks
B. Listening very carefully and taking extensive notes
C. Conducting a clinician-directed interview
D. Directing the client to specific answers to questions - ANSWER✅✅ Correct
Answer: A
, Option (A) is correct. A clinician who employs active listening responds to both the
content (the denotative message) and the affect (the emotional content) of a client's
remarks.
This investigation was motivated by observations that when persons with dysarthria
increase loudness, their speech improves. Some studies have indicated that this
improvement may be related to an increase of prosodic variation. Studies have
reported an increase of fundamental frequency (F0) variation with increased
loudness, but there has been no examination of the relation of loudness
manipulation to specific prosodic variables that are known to aid a listener in parsing
out meaningful information. This study examined the relation of vocal loudness
production to selected acoustic variables known to inform listeners of phrase and
sentence boundaries: specifically, F0 declination and final-word lengthening. Ten
young, healthy women were audio-recorded while they read aloud a paragraph at
what each considered normal loudness, twice-normal loudness, and half-normal
loudness. Results showed that there was a statistically - ANSWER✅✅ Correct
Answer: C
Option (C) is correct. The researchers manipulated vocal loudness to determine its
effect on prosodic F0 and durational variables.
This investigation was motivated by observations that when persons with dysarthria
increase loudness, their speech improves. Some studies have indicated that this
improvement may be related to an increase of prosodic variation. Studies have
reported an increase of fundamental frequency (F0) variation with increased
loudness, but there has been no examination of the relation of loudness
manipulation to specific prosodic variables that are known to aid a listener in parsing
out meaningful information. This study examined the relation of vocal loudness
production to selected acoustic variables known to inform listeners of phrase and
sentence boundaries: specifically, F0 declination and final-word lengthening. Ten
young, healthy women were audio-recorded while they read aloud a paragraph at
what each considered normal loudness, twice-normal loudness, and half-normal
loudness. Results showed that there was a statistically - ANSWER✅✅ Correct
Answer: B
Option (B) is correct. At the end of the abstract, the researchers Hughes suggest a
relationship between increased vocal loudness and "improvement in communicative
effectiveness" in some persons with dysarthria. This relationship is not directly
supported by their study, as individuals with dysarthria were not tested.
This investigation was motivated by observations that when persons with dysarthria
increase loudness, their speech improves. Some studies have indicated that this
improvement may be related to an increase of prosodic variation. Studies have
reported an increase of fundamental frequency (F0) variation with increased
loudness, but there has been no examination of the relation of loudness
manipulation to specific prosodic variables that are known to aid a listener in parsing
out meaningful information. This study examined the relation of vocal loudness
production to selected acoustic variables known to inform listeners of phrase and
sentence boundaries: specifically, F0 declination and final-word lengthening. Ten