BIOL 20300 Exam 5 Review Session
Answer Key
For all inquiries, email
1
,Contents
Lecture 21 – Special Senses I ............................................................................................................ 12
Classify receptors according to the stimuli that each receives (what sensation it detects) .................... 12
Problem 1 .............................................................................................................................. 12
Problem 2 .............................................................................................................................. 12
Problem 3 .............................................................................................................................. 12
Compare General Senses versus Special Senses considering: (a) receptor body distribution, (b)
information carried, and (c) structures that detect the stimulus (receptor cells) ................................... 12
Problem 4 .............................................................................................................................. 12
Problem 5 .............................................................................................................................. 13
Problem 6 .............................................................................................................................. 13
List the types of general sensory receptors found in the skin, indicating their modalities .................... 13
Problem 7 .............................................................................................................................. 13
Problem 8 .............................................................................................................................. 13
Problem 9 .............................................................................................................................. 13
Analyze and differentiate between three distinct categories of pain by examining concrete examples to
demonstrate comprehension. .......................................................................................................... 14
Problem 10 ............................................................................................................................ 14
Problem 11 ............................................................................................................................ 14
Problem 12 ............................................................................................................................ 14
List endogenous molecules that produce pain in the PNS & CNS ..................................................... 14
Problem 13 ............................................................................................................................ 14
Problem 14 ............................................................................................................................ 15
Problem 15 ............................................................................................................................ 15
Identify the location, structure, & function of taste buds. ................................................................. 15
Problem 16 ............................................................................................................................ 15
Problem 17 ............................................................................................................................ 15
Problem 18 ............................................................................................................................ 15
Describe the five primary taste sensations. ...................................................................................... 16
Problem 19 ............................................................................................................................ 16
Problem 20 ............................................................................................................................ 16
Problem 21 ............................................................................................................................ 16
2
, Explain how dissolved chemicals activate gustatory receptors. ......................................................... 16
Problem 22 ............................................................................................................................ 16
Problem 23 ............................................................................................................................ 16
Problem 24 ............................................................................................................................ 17
Describe the path of nerve impulses from the gustatory receptors to various parts of the brain
(GUSTATORY PROJECTION PATHWAYS) .................................................................................. 17
Problem 25 ............................................................................................................................ 17
Problem 26 ............................................................................................................................ 17
Problem 27 ............................................................................................................................ 17
Identify the location of olfactory receptors ...................................................................................... 17
Problem 28 ............................................................................................................................ 17
Problem 29 ............................................................................................................................ 18
Problem 30 ............................................................................................................................ 18
Describe the path of nerve impulses from the olfactory receptors to various parts of the brain
(OLFACTORY PROJECTION PATHWAYS)] ................................................................................ 18
Problem 31 ............................................................................................................................ 18
Problem 32 ............................................................................................................................ 18
Problem 33 ............................................................................................................................ 18
Explain the cortical feedback modulation of the olfactory bulb circuit .............................................. 19
Problem 34 ............................................................................................................................ 19
Problem 35 ............................................................................................................................ 19
Problem 36 ............................................................................................................................ 19
Lecture 22 – Special Senses II ........................................................................................................... 20
Describe the sound conduction pathway from the auricle to the fluids of the inner ear ....................... 20
Problem 1 .............................................................................................................................. 20
Problem 2 .............................................................................................................................. 20
Problem 3 .............................................................................................................................. 20
Describe how the various structures of the outer ear function in hearing ........................................... 20
Problem 4 .............................................................................................................................. 20
Problem 5 .............................................................................................................................. 21
Problem 6 .............................................................................................................................. 21
Describe how the various structures of the middle ear function in hearing ......................................... 21
3
, Problem 7 .............................................................................................................................. 21
Problem 8 .............................................................................................................................. 21
Problem 9 .............................................................................................................................. 21
Differentiate the bony labyrinth from the membranous labyrinth & locate the perilymph and
endolymph.................................................................................................................................... 22
Problem 10 ............................................................................................................................ 22
Problem 11 ............................................................................................................................ 22
Problem 12 ............................................................................................................................ 22
Identify the structures of the cochlea .............................................................................................. 22
Problem 13 ............................................................................................................................ 22
Problem 14 ............................................................................................................................ 23
Problem 15 ............................................................................................................................ 23
Describe the Organ of Corti ........................................................................................................... 23
Problem 16 ............................................................................................................................ 23
Problem 17 ............................................................................................................................ 23
Problem 18 ............................................................................................................................ 23
Explain how the cochlear hair cells transduce sound-evoked mechanical vibrations into electrical
signals that are then relayed to the brain ......................................................................................... 24
Problem 19 ............................................................................................................................ 24
Problem 20 ............................................................................................................................ 24
Problem 21 ............................................................................................................................ 24
Describe the path of nerve impulses from the spiral organ to various parts of the brain (AUDITORY
PROJECTION PATHWAY). .......................................................................................................... 24
Problem 22 ............................................................................................................................ 24
Problem 23 ............................................................................................................................ 24
Problem 24 ............................................................................................................................ 25
Indicate the types of striated muscle contraction and contrast the tension and muscle length for each
type of contraction. ....................................................................................................................... 25
Problem 25 ............................................................................................................................ 25
Problem 26 ............................................................................................................................ 25
Problem 27 ............................................................................................................................ 25
Explain the macula, incorporating details about the otoliths or otoconia ............................................ 25
Problem 28 ............................................................................................................................ 25
4
Answer Key
For all inquiries, email
1
,Contents
Lecture 21 – Special Senses I ............................................................................................................ 12
Classify receptors according to the stimuli that each receives (what sensation it detects) .................... 12
Problem 1 .............................................................................................................................. 12
Problem 2 .............................................................................................................................. 12
Problem 3 .............................................................................................................................. 12
Compare General Senses versus Special Senses considering: (a) receptor body distribution, (b)
information carried, and (c) structures that detect the stimulus (receptor cells) ................................... 12
Problem 4 .............................................................................................................................. 12
Problem 5 .............................................................................................................................. 13
Problem 6 .............................................................................................................................. 13
List the types of general sensory receptors found in the skin, indicating their modalities .................... 13
Problem 7 .............................................................................................................................. 13
Problem 8 .............................................................................................................................. 13
Problem 9 .............................................................................................................................. 13
Analyze and differentiate between three distinct categories of pain by examining concrete examples to
demonstrate comprehension. .......................................................................................................... 14
Problem 10 ............................................................................................................................ 14
Problem 11 ............................................................................................................................ 14
Problem 12 ............................................................................................................................ 14
List endogenous molecules that produce pain in the PNS & CNS ..................................................... 14
Problem 13 ............................................................................................................................ 14
Problem 14 ............................................................................................................................ 15
Problem 15 ............................................................................................................................ 15
Identify the location, structure, & function of taste buds. ................................................................. 15
Problem 16 ............................................................................................................................ 15
Problem 17 ............................................................................................................................ 15
Problem 18 ............................................................................................................................ 15
Describe the five primary taste sensations. ...................................................................................... 16
Problem 19 ............................................................................................................................ 16
Problem 20 ............................................................................................................................ 16
Problem 21 ............................................................................................................................ 16
2
, Explain how dissolved chemicals activate gustatory receptors. ......................................................... 16
Problem 22 ............................................................................................................................ 16
Problem 23 ............................................................................................................................ 16
Problem 24 ............................................................................................................................ 17
Describe the path of nerve impulses from the gustatory receptors to various parts of the brain
(GUSTATORY PROJECTION PATHWAYS) .................................................................................. 17
Problem 25 ............................................................................................................................ 17
Problem 26 ............................................................................................................................ 17
Problem 27 ............................................................................................................................ 17
Identify the location of olfactory receptors ...................................................................................... 17
Problem 28 ............................................................................................................................ 17
Problem 29 ............................................................................................................................ 18
Problem 30 ............................................................................................................................ 18
Describe the path of nerve impulses from the olfactory receptors to various parts of the brain
(OLFACTORY PROJECTION PATHWAYS)] ................................................................................ 18
Problem 31 ............................................................................................................................ 18
Problem 32 ............................................................................................................................ 18
Problem 33 ............................................................................................................................ 18
Explain the cortical feedback modulation of the olfactory bulb circuit .............................................. 19
Problem 34 ............................................................................................................................ 19
Problem 35 ............................................................................................................................ 19
Problem 36 ............................................................................................................................ 19
Lecture 22 – Special Senses II ........................................................................................................... 20
Describe the sound conduction pathway from the auricle to the fluids of the inner ear ....................... 20
Problem 1 .............................................................................................................................. 20
Problem 2 .............................................................................................................................. 20
Problem 3 .............................................................................................................................. 20
Describe how the various structures of the outer ear function in hearing ........................................... 20
Problem 4 .............................................................................................................................. 20
Problem 5 .............................................................................................................................. 21
Problem 6 .............................................................................................................................. 21
Describe how the various structures of the middle ear function in hearing ......................................... 21
3
, Problem 7 .............................................................................................................................. 21
Problem 8 .............................................................................................................................. 21
Problem 9 .............................................................................................................................. 21
Differentiate the bony labyrinth from the membranous labyrinth & locate the perilymph and
endolymph.................................................................................................................................... 22
Problem 10 ............................................................................................................................ 22
Problem 11 ............................................................................................................................ 22
Problem 12 ............................................................................................................................ 22
Identify the structures of the cochlea .............................................................................................. 22
Problem 13 ............................................................................................................................ 22
Problem 14 ............................................................................................................................ 23
Problem 15 ............................................................................................................................ 23
Describe the Organ of Corti ........................................................................................................... 23
Problem 16 ............................................................................................................................ 23
Problem 17 ............................................................................................................................ 23
Problem 18 ............................................................................................................................ 23
Explain how the cochlear hair cells transduce sound-evoked mechanical vibrations into electrical
signals that are then relayed to the brain ......................................................................................... 24
Problem 19 ............................................................................................................................ 24
Problem 20 ............................................................................................................................ 24
Problem 21 ............................................................................................................................ 24
Describe the path of nerve impulses from the spiral organ to various parts of the brain (AUDITORY
PROJECTION PATHWAY). .......................................................................................................... 24
Problem 22 ............................................................................................................................ 24
Problem 23 ............................................................................................................................ 24
Problem 24 ............................................................................................................................ 25
Indicate the types of striated muscle contraction and contrast the tension and muscle length for each
type of contraction. ....................................................................................................................... 25
Problem 25 ............................................................................................................................ 25
Problem 26 ............................................................................................................................ 25
Problem 27 ............................................................................................................................ 25
Explain the macula, incorporating details about the otoliths or otoconia ............................................ 25
Problem 28 ............................................................................................................................ 25
4
