Bio 200 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS!!/GRADE A+ GUARANTEED
SATISFACTION
Phenptype - ANSWER-the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction
of its genotype with the environment
Mendel's Law of Segregation - ANSWER-Two alleles segregate during gamete formation to be rejoined
at random during fertilization
Punnett Square - ANSWER-A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result
from a genetic cross
phenotypic ratio - ANSWER-the ratio of phenotypes produced by a cross
genotypic ratio - ANSWER-the ratio of the genotypes that appear in offspring
dihybrid cross - ANSWER-A cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene
dihybrid ratio - ANSWER-9:3:3:1
Mendel's Independent Assortment Law - ANSWER-In a dihybrid cross the alleles of each gene assort
independently
gene linkage - ANSWER-Traits that tend to be inherited together as a consequence of an association
between their genes
Two state cases - ANSWER-could be either or traits (ex: tall and dwarf)
Multi-state cases - ANSWER-more than one gene case (ex: plant height)
,polygenic inheritance - ANSWER-An additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic
character
Epistasis - ANSWER-A type of gene interaction in which one gene alters the phenotypic effects of
another gene that is independently inherited
Pleiotropy - ANSWER-The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects
incomplete dominance - ANSWER-Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another
allele
Codominance - ANSWER-A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive
How are blood types determined? - ANSWER-marker molecules on red blood cells
What can change how genes express themselves? - ANSWER-Environmental effects
Chromosomes - ANSWER-discovered in 1879, humans have 46 total, determines our phenotype for
countless traits
Karyotype - ANSWER-A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape
Chromatid - ANSWER-one half of a duplicated chromosome
sister chromatids - ANSWER-Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and
eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II
Centromere - ANSWER-Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
Homologous pair - ANSWER-a pair of chromosomes, one from each parent, that have relatively similar
structures and gene values
, Mitosis - ANSWER-cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of
chromosomes, two cells
Meiosis - ANSWER-Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms, four
cells
Ploidy - ANSWER-number of sets of chromosomes in a cell
Haploid - ANSWER-An organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes.
Polyploid - ANSWER-condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
sex chromosomes - ANSWER-X and Y chromosomes, X chromosome is female, Y chromosome is male
crossing over/recombination - ANSWER-when homologous chromosomes trade parts of chromosome
arms, so for example a chromosome from your dad now has DNA from your mom
How do chromosomes explain gene linkage? - ANSWER-When traits are linked, A will not appear with b
and B will not appear with a
What is the central dogma of molecular biology? - ANSWER-DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Willhelm Johannsen - ANSWER-coins the term "gene", was a botanist
Thomas Hunt Morgan - ANSWER-genes rest chromosomes, discovers from fruit flies
George Beadle and Edward Tatum - ANSWER-one gene one enzyme hypothesis
SOLUTIONS!!/GRADE A+ GUARANTEED
SATISFACTION
Phenptype - ANSWER-the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction
of its genotype with the environment
Mendel's Law of Segregation - ANSWER-Two alleles segregate during gamete formation to be rejoined
at random during fertilization
Punnett Square - ANSWER-A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result
from a genetic cross
phenotypic ratio - ANSWER-the ratio of phenotypes produced by a cross
genotypic ratio - ANSWER-the ratio of the genotypes that appear in offspring
dihybrid cross - ANSWER-A cross between individuals that have different alleles for the same gene
dihybrid ratio - ANSWER-9:3:3:1
Mendel's Independent Assortment Law - ANSWER-In a dihybrid cross the alleles of each gene assort
independently
gene linkage - ANSWER-Traits that tend to be inherited together as a consequence of an association
between their genes
Two state cases - ANSWER-could be either or traits (ex: tall and dwarf)
Multi-state cases - ANSWER-more than one gene case (ex: plant height)
,polygenic inheritance - ANSWER-An additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic
character
Epistasis - ANSWER-A type of gene interaction in which one gene alters the phenotypic effects of
another gene that is independently inherited
Pleiotropy - ANSWER-The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects
incomplete dominance - ANSWER-Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another
allele
Codominance - ANSWER-A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive
How are blood types determined? - ANSWER-marker molecules on red blood cells
What can change how genes express themselves? - ANSWER-Environmental effects
Chromosomes - ANSWER-discovered in 1879, humans have 46 total, determines our phenotype for
countless traits
Karyotype - ANSWER-A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape
Chromatid - ANSWER-one half of a duplicated chromosome
sister chromatids - ANSWER-Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and
eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II
Centromere - ANSWER-Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
Homologous pair - ANSWER-a pair of chromosomes, one from each parent, that have relatively similar
structures and gene values
, Mitosis - ANSWER-cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of
chromosomes, two cells
Meiosis - ANSWER-Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms, four
cells
Ploidy - ANSWER-number of sets of chromosomes in a cell
Haploid - ANSWER-An organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes.
Polyploid - ANSWER-condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
sex chromosomes - ANSWER-X and Y chromosomes, X chromosome is female, Y chromosome is male
crossing over/recombination - ANSWER-when homologous chromosomes trade parts of chromosome
arms, so for example a chromosome from your dad now has DNA from your mom
How do chromosomes explain gene linkage? - ANSWER-When traits are linked, A will not appear with b
and B will not appear with a
What is the central dogma of molecular biology? - ANSWER-DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Willhelm Johannsen - ANSWER-coins the term "gene", was a botanist
Thomas Hunt Morgan - ANSWER-genes rest chromosomes, discovers from fruit flies
George Beadle and Edward Tatum - ANSWER-one gene one enzyme hypothesis
