ADN 235 Final || with complete solution.
serum albumin correct answers 3.5-5.5 g/dL
decreased in liver disease; leads to edema
serum cholesterol correct answers <200 mg/dL
elevates in liver disease
aPTT correct answers 30-40 seconds
PT (coagulation) correct answers 11-13.5 seconds
ALT (SGPT) correct answers 7-56 U/L
will raise in liver disease
AST (SGOT) correct answers 10-40 U/L
will raise in liver disease
ammonia levels correct answers 10-80 mcg/dL
will raise in liver diseae
Amylase correct answers 30-110 U/L
Lipase correct answers 60-140
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) correct answers only present in embryos; should not be present
in healthy blood, indicates colorectal and hepatic cancers
Upper GI (UGI) radiographic test correct answers uses fluoroscopy to show GI tract; uses barium
as contrast medium to show presence of tumors, ulcers, enteritis, and varices
requires clear liquid diet, NPO at midnight; polyethylene glycol (PEG) prep
hold meds in AM, check w/ provider for DM orders; encourage fluid to help barium pass
Lower GI (LGI) radiographic test correct answers visualization of lower GI tract (polyps,
tumors, lesions of the lower colon)
MUST DO BEFORE UGI; if not, barium clogs GI system for days and testing must be
postponed
, same prep as UGI
Upper GI fibroscopy, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy correct answers NPO for 8 hours prior w/
clear liquid diet; bowel prep or enemas (1-3 days)
IV sedation (usually midalzolam) and atropine (reduces secretions)
Post: monitor VS, SaO2, LOC, bleeding (perforation); family members transport home and help
w/ pt education (safety!!!)
EGD/ERCP correct answers NPO for 8 hours prior w/ clear liquid diet; bowel prep or enemas (1-
3 days)
IV sedation (usually midalzolam) and atropine (reduces secretions)
Post: monitor VS, SaO2, LOC, bleeding (perforation); family members transport home and help
w/ pt education (safety!!!)
AVOID ANTICOAGULANTS, ASPIRIN, NSAIDS SEVERAL DAYS BEFORE TESTING
Liver biposy correct answers diagnosis of cancer and hepatitis
informed consent, coagulation studies, NPO
Post: position on affected side to prevent bleeding; monitor for bleeding
Oral Cancer correct answers RF: smoking of any form, alcohol (30%), infection w/ HPV (72%)
Patho: usually squamous cell; found on lips and lateral aspect of tongue w/ floor of mouth most
common
Manifestations: no symptoms in early stages; painless sore that bleeds easily and does not heal,
hard/raised edges; associated w/ other types of cancer (cervical)
Management: prevention w/ HPV vaccine (up to 21 M and 26 W), surgical resection or radiation
therapy if small; chemo therapy
Radial Neck Dissection correct answers removal of all cervical neck lymph nodes from the
mandible tp clavicle; removal of sternocleidomastoid muscle, internal jugular vein and spinal
accessory muscle on one side of neck; used for advanced cancer w/ lymph node involvement
most will have tracheostomy, jackson-Pratt drain, prophylactic antibiotics, tube feeding until
wound is healed and can take foods PO, rehabilitation to strengthen neck/shoulder muscles
serum albumin correct answers 3.5-5.5 g/dL
decreased in liver disease; leads to edema
serum cholesterol correct answers <200 mg/dL
elevates in liver disease
aPTT correct answers 30-40 seconds
PT (coagulation) correct answers 11-13.5 seconds
ALT (SGPT) correct answers 7-56 U/L
will raise in liver disease
AST (SGOT) correct answers 10-40 U/L
will raise in liver disease
ammonia levels correct answers 10-80 mcg/dL
will raise in liver diseae
Amylase correct answers 30-110 U/L
Lipase correct answers 60-140
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) correct answers only present in embryos; should not be present
in healthy blood, indicates colorectal and hepatic cancers
Upper GI (UGI) radiographic test correct answers uses fluoroscopy to show GI tract; uses barium
as contrast medium to show presence of tumors, ulcers, enteritis, and varices
requires clear liquid diet, NPO at midnight; polyethylene glycol (PEG) prep
hold meds in AM, check w/ provider for DM orders; encourage fluid to help barium pass
Lower GI (LGI) radiographic test correct answers visualization of lower GI tract (polyps,
tumors, lesions of the lower colon)
MUST DO BEFORE UGI; if not, barium clogs GI system for days and testing must be
postponed
, same prep as UGI
Upper GI fibroscopy, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy correct answers NPO for 8 hours prior w/
clear liquid diet; bowel prep or enemas (1-3 days)
IV sedation (usually midalzolam) and atropine (reduces secretions)
Post: monitor VS, SaO2, LOC, bleeding (perforation); family members transport home and help
w/ pt education (safety!!!)
EGD/ERCP correct answers NPO for 8 hours prior w/ clear liquid diet; bowel prep or enemas (1-
3 days)
IV sedation (usually midalzolam) and atropine (reduces secretions)
Post: monitor VS, SaO2, LOC, bleeding (perforation); family members transport home and help
w/ pt education (safety!!!)
AVOID ANTICOAGULANTS, ASPIRIN, NSAIDS SEVERAL DAYS BEFORE TESTING
Liver biposy correct answers diagnosis of cancer and hepatitis
informed consent, coagulation studies, NPO
Post: position on affected side to prevent bleeding; monitor for bleeding
Oral Cancer correct answers RF: smoking of any form, alcohol (30%), infection w/ HPV (72%)
Patho: usually squamous cell; found on lips and lateral aspect of tongue w/ floor of mouth most
common
Manifestations: no symptoms in early stages; painless sore that bleeds easily and does not heal,
hard/raised edges; associated w/ other types of cancer (cervical)
Management: prevention w/ HPV vaccine (up to 21 M and 26 W), surgical resection or radiation
therapy if small; chemo therapy
Radial Neck Dissection correct answers removal of all cervical neck lymph nodes from the
mandible tp clavicle; removal of sternocleidomastoid muscle, internal jugular vein and spinal
accessory muscle on one side of neck; used for advanced cancer w/ lymph node involvement
most will have tracheostomy, jackson-Pratt drain, prophylactic antibiotics, tube feeding until
wound is healed and can take foods PO, rehabilitation to strengthen neck/shoulder muscles
