SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 4 questions
with correct answers
Azotemia - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔presence of urea or other
nitrogenous compounds in the blood
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - 🔰CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔backflow of gastric juices from the stomach to enter
the esophagus. DO NOT IGNORE HEARTBURN - it can lead to
throat cancer
S/S Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - 🔰CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔Pain is worse when lying down or bending over.
Patients will complain of having to sleep in a recliner or with the
head of the bed elevated to relieve the pain.
NOTE: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease - 🔰CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔This pain can mimic a heart attack because the
stomach is so close to the heart - or - patients with heart problems
tell themselves they are just "having heartburn" and delay going to
1 \\\\\\/ \\\\\\
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,the ER for a cardiac workup. Teach patients not to assume their
chest pain is heartburn!
Rx Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - 🔰CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔Stop Smoking and avoid 2nd hand smoke (increases
gastric irritation and causes vasoconstriction which decreases
healing); stop caffeine; check for gluten intolerance; Acid-
suppressing medications.
cardiac cocktail
pain is worse when the patient lies down
Hiatal Hernia - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Expansion of
esophagus diaphragm pre-spincter that can become filled with
stomach acid. Px
Hiatal Hernia Risk Factors - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Pregnancy
Age
Weightlifting while holding breath
habitual vomiting
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,PUD - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Peptic Ulcer Disease
Px epigastric
H. pylori bacteria (specific for ulcers)
Px starts 2 hrs. after eating (PUD not gallbladder)
Cured ABX and Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
H. Pylori - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔common bacteria found in
ulcers
Upper Gastric Internal Bleeding (UGIB) - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Hematemesis-Frank bleed
Black "coffee grounds" vomitus -ulcer gastric bleeding
Lower Gastric Internal Bleed (LGIB) - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Occult Blood- hidden blood (Fecal chemical paper change)
Melena- Larger amount of digested blood + smell
Hematochezia-Frank Bleed-hemroids
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔*NO DAMAGE* to intestine -->Px
abnormalities:
3 \\\\\\/ \\\\\\
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, psychosocial
Motility
sensory
CNS processing
Inflammatory Bowel Disease - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Crohns-Anywhere intestines. Skip lesions involve all layers
Ulcerative Colitis-Erosion of lining of large colon and rectum in the
mucosal layer-->Toxic Megacolon
S/S Crohns - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Abdominal Px
Tenderness
Nausea/Vomiting
Severe Diarrhea
Low Grade fever
Bloody Stools -->Anemia
Severe malabsorption-->Weight Loss
Dehydration-->Electrolyte imbalance
Fistulas - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔tunneling into different
areas
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48
with correct answers
Azotemia - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔presence of urea or other
nitrogenous compounds in the blood
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - 🔰CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔backflow of gastric juices from the stomach to enter
the esophagus. DO NOT IGNORE HEARTBURN - it can lead to
throat cancer
S/S Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - 🔰CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔Pain is worse when lying down or bending over.
Patients will complain of having to sleep in a recliner or with the
head of the bed elevated to relieve the pain.
NOTE: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease - 🔰CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔This pain can mimic a heart attack because the
stomach is so close to the heart - or - patients with heart problems
tell themselves they are just "having heartburn" and delay going to
1 \\\\\\/ \\\\\\
48
,the ER for a cardiac workup. Teach patients not to assume their
chest pain is heartburn!
Rx Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - 🔰CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔Stop Smoking and avoid 2nd hand smoke (increases
gastric irritation and causes vasoconstriction which decreases
healing); stop caffeine; check for gluten intolerance; Acid-
suppressing medications.
cardiac cocktail
pain is worse when the patient lies down
Hiatal Hernia - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Expansion of
esophagus diaphragm pre-spincter that can become filled with
stomach acid. Px
Hiatal Hernia Risk Factors - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Pregnancy
Age
Weightlifting while holding breath
habitual vomiting
2 \\\\\\/ \\\\\\
48
,PUD - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Peptic Ulcer Disease
Px epigastric
H. pylori bacteria (specific for ulcers)
Px starts 2 hrs. after eating (PUD not gallbladder)
Cured ABX and Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
H. Pylori - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔common bacteria found in
ulcers
Upper Gastric Internal Bleeding (UGIB) - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Hematemesis-Frank bleed
Black "coffee grounds" vomitus -ulcer gastric bleeding
Lower Gastric Internal Bleed (LGIB) - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Occult Blood- hidden blood (Fecal chemical paper change)
Melena- Larger amount of digested blood + smell
Hematochezia-Frank Bleed-hemroids
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔*NO DAMAGE* to intestine -->Px
abnormalities:
3 \\\\\\/ \\\\\\
48
, psychosocial
Motility
sensory
CNS processing
Inflammatory Bowel Disease - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Crohns-Anywhere intestines. Skip lesions involve all layers
Ulcerative Colitis-Erosion of lining of large colon and rectum in the
mucosal layer-->Toxic Megacolon
S/S Crohns - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Abdominal Px
Tenderness
Nausea/Vomiting
Severe Diarrhea
Low Grade fever
Bloody Stools -->Anemia
Severe malabsorption-->Weight Loss
Dehydration-->Electrolyte imbalance
Fistulas - 🔰CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔tunneling into different
areas
4 \\\\\\/ \\\\\\
48
