AQA PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 2 PAST PAPER QUESTIONS

AQA PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 2 PAST
PAPER QUESTIONS



(Junebm2022)bm1.bmDescribebmpsychosexualbmstagesbmasbmoutlinedbminbmthebmpsychodynamicbmappro
ach.bm[6bmmarks]bm-bmanswers--Possiblebmcontent:bm

•bmtherebmarebm5bmdevelopmentalbmstagesbm(oral,bmanal,bmphallic,bmlatencybmandbmgenital)bm

•bmoralbm(0-1yr)bm-
bmfocusbmofbmpleasurebmisbmthebmmouthbmandbmthebmmother'sbmbreastbmisbmthebmfocusbmofbmdesireb
m

•bmanalbm(1-3yrs)bm-
bmfocusbmofbmpleasurebmisbmthebmanusbmandbmchildbmfocusesbmonbmwithholdingbmandbmexpellingbmfa
ecesbm

•bmphallicbm(3-5yrs)bm-
bmfocusbmofbmpleasurebmisbmgenitalsbmandbmchildrenbmexperiencebmthebmOedipus/Electrabmcomplexbm

•bmlatencybm(6-12yrs)bm-bmpreviousbmconflictsbmarebmresolved/
repressedbmandbmearlybmyearsbmarebmlargelybmforgottenbm

•bmgenitalbm(12yrs/puberty-adulthood)bm-
bmsexualbmdesiresbmbecomebmconsciousbmwithbmthebmonsetbmofbmpubertybm




Creditbmotherbmrelevantbmmaterial,bmegbmfixation.bmNote:bmnotbmallbmstagesbmneedbmtobmbebmdescrib
edbmforbmfullbmmarksbmtobmbebmawarded.



(Junebm2022)bm2.Atbmabmlocalbmschool,bmteachersbmtookbmpartbminbmActivebmLifestylebmWeekbmtobme
ncouragebmstudentsbmtobmbecomebmmorebmactive.bmThebmweekbminvolvedbmdailybmstaffbmnetballbmm
atchesbmduringbmbreaktimesbmandbmabmstepbmcountbmchallenge.bmTwobmofbmthebmteachersbmwerebmt
alkingbmatbmthebmendbmofbmthebmweek.bmMissbmHoneybmsaid,bm"Thatbmwasbmsuchbmabmgreatbmweek!
bmIbmfeltbmproudbmtobmwinbmthebmstaffbmstepbmcountbmchallengebmandbmreceivebmthebmmedalbminbma
ssemblybmandbmdemonstratebmthebmjoybmofbmsport.bmMybmstudentsbmlovedbmwatchingbmusbmcompet
e,bmIbmreallybmthinkbmitbmwillbminspirebmthembmtobmbebmmorebmactivebmthemselves!"bmMrsbmWilsonb
mreplied,bm"It'sbmalrightbmforbmyou,bmyou'rebmyoungbmandbmthebmstudentsbmlikebmyou.bmMybmstudent

,sbmwerebmsobmembarrassedbmtobmseebmmebmtrippingbmoverbminbmnetball.bmIbmthinkbmIbmmaybmhaveb
mputbmthembmoffbmsportbmforever!"bm




Apartbmfrombmmediationalbmprocesses,bmusebmyourbmknowledgebmofbmsocialbmlearningbmtheorybmtobm
explainbmMissbmHoney'sbmandbmMrsbmWilson'sbmcomments.bm[6bmmarks]bm-bmanswers--
Possiblebmcontentbm(BandedbmQ):bm

•bmobservationalbmlearningbm-
bmbothbmteachers'bmcommentsbmsuggestbmthatbmtheybmbelievebmtheirbmbehaviourbmwillbminfluencebmt
heirbmstudents'bmbehaviour,bmeg,bmMissbmHoneybmsays,bm"Ibmthinkbmitbmwillbminspirebmthembmtobmbe
bmmorebmactivebmthemselves!".bm

•bmimitationbm-bmMrsbmWilsonbmdoesbmnotbmfeelbmstudentsbmwillbmwantbmtobmimitatebmherbm-
bm"IbmthinkbmIbmmaybmhavebmputbmthembmoffbmsportbmforever!",bmwhereasbmMissbmHoneybmfeelsbmst
udentsbmwillbmwantbmtobmimitatebmherbm-
bm"Ibmreallybmthinkbmitbmwillbminspirebmthembmtobmbebmmorebmactivebmthemselves!"bm

•bmmodellingbm-
bmthebmteachersbmwillbmactbmasbmrolebmmodelsbmforbmtheirbmstudentsbmasbmtheybmhavebmhigherbmsta
tusbminbmschoolbm

•bmidentificationbm-
bmstudentsbmarebmmorebmlikelybmtobmidentifybmwithbmMissbmHoneybm(thanbmMrsbmWilson)bmasbmMrsb
mWilsonbmsaidbmtobmMissbmHoney,bm"you'rebmyoungbmandbmthebmstudentsbmlikebmyou".bm

•bmvicariousbmreinforcementbm-
bmwhenbmstudentsbmseebmMissbmHoneybmrewardedbmforbmadoptingbmabmmorebmactivebmlifestyle,bmeg,
bmMissbmHoneybmsays,bm"Ibmfeltbmproudbmtobmwinbmthebmstaffbmstepbmcountbmchallengebmandbmrecei
vebmthebmmedalbminbmassembly".bmWhenbmstudentsbmseebmMrsbmWilsonbm"trippingbmover"bminbmnet
ballbmtheybmwillbmnotbmwantbmtobmimitatebmherbmandbmsobmwillbmnotbmadoptbmabmmorebmactivebmlife
style.



(Junebm2022)bm3.bmWhetherbmorbmnotbmstudentsbmlearnbmtobmbebmmorebmactivebmboxbmcouldbmdepe
ndbmonbmmediationalbmprocesses.bmExplainbmhowbmmediationalbmprocessesbmmightbmbebminvolvedbmi
nbmthebmstudentsbmbecomingbmmorebmactive.bm[4bmmarks]bm-bmanswers--Possiblebmcontent:bm

•bmattentionbm-
bmstudentsbmwillbmnoticebmtheirbmteachersbmdemonstratingbmabmmorebmactivebmlifestyle,bmegbmcompe
tingbminbmstaffbmnetballbmmatchesbmduringbmbreaktime/
MissbmHoneybmreceivingbmthebmmedalbmforbmthebmstepbmcountbmchallengebminbmassembly/
MrsbmWilsonbmfallingbmover,bmetcbm

•bmretentionbm-
bmstudents'bmmemoriesbmwillbmbebmstrengthenedbmthroughbmseeingbmrepetitionbmofbmthebmactivities,

,bmegbmdailybmnetballbmmatchesbmand/orbmemotional/
funnybmevent,bmegbmMrsbmWilsonbmtrippingbmoverbminbmnetballbm

•bmreproductionbm-
bmthebmactivebmbehavioursbmbeingbmmodelledbmcanbmbebmreproducedbmbybmthebmstudents,bmegbmste
pbmcountbmchallengebmisbmabmsimplebmactivitybmthatbmdoesbmnotbmrequirebminaccessiblebmequipment
/fitnessbmtobmbebmablebmtobmperformbm

•bmmotivationbm-
bmstudentsbmarebmmorebmlikelybmtobmadoptbmthebmdemonstratedbmactivebmlifestylebmifbmthebmperceiv
edbmrewardsbm(egbmwinningbmthebmst



(Junebm2022)bm7.bmDescribebmthebmdivisionsbmofbmthebmnervousbmsystembmboxbm.bm[6bmmarks]bm-
bmanswers--Possiblebmcontent:bm

•bmthebmnervousbmsystembmisbmdividedbmintobmthebmcentralbmandbmperipheralbmnervousbmsystemsbm

•bmthebmCNSbmcomprisesbmthebmbrainbmandbmspinalbmcordbm

•bmthebmperipheralbmnervousbmsystembmisbmfurtherbmdividedbmintobmthebmsomaticbmnervousbmsystem
bmandbmthebmautonomicbmnervousbmsystembm(ANS)bm

•bmthebmsomaticbmnervousbmsystembmconsistsbmofbmsensorybmandbmmotorbmneuronsbmtobmcarrybmsen
sorybmandbmmotorbminformationbmtobmandbmfrombmthebmCNSbmandbmalsobmenablesbmreflexbmactionsb
m

•bmthebmANSbmactsbmlargelybmunconsciously/involuntarybm

•bmthebmANSbmisbmdividedbmintobmthebmsympatheticbmnervousbmsystembm(SNS)bmandbmthebmparasym
patheticbmnervousbmsystembm(PNS)bm

•bmthebmSNSbmpreparesbmusbmforbmflightbmorbmfightbm

•bmthebmPNSbmbalancesbmthebmsympatheticbmnervousbmsystembmprovidingbm'restbmandbmdigest'bmfunc
tions.



(Junebm2022)bmRMbmSTEM:bmAbmcontrolledbmobservationbmwasbmdesignedbmtobmcomparebmthebmsoci
albmbehavioursbmofbmpre-schoolbmchildrenbmofbmworkingbmparentsbmandbmpre-
schoolbmchildrenbmofbmstay-at-
homebmparents.bmThebmsamplebmconsistedbmofbm100bmchildrenbmagedbmthree,bmwhobmwerebmobserv
edbmseparately.bmHalfbmofbmthebmchildrenbmhadbmworkingbmparentsbmandbmthebmotherbmhalfbmhadbms
tay-at-
homebmparents.bmThebmobservationbmtookbmplacebminbmabmroombmwhichbmlookedbmlikebmabmnursery,
bmwithbmabmvarietybmofbmtoysbmavailable.bmInbmthebmroom,bmtherebmwerebmfourbmchildrenbmandbmon
ebmsupervisingbmadult.bmTheirbmbehaviourbmwasbmnotbmrecorded.bmEachbmchildbmparticipantbmwasbmb
roughtbmintobmthebmroombmandbmsettledbmbybmtheirbmparent.bmThebmparentbmthenbmleftbmtobmsitbmo
utside.bmEachbmchildbmparticipant'sbmbehaviourbmwasbmobservedbmcovertlybmforbmfivebmminutesbmwhil

, ebmtheybmplayedbminbmthebmroom.bmThebmobservationbmwasbmconductedbminbmabmcontrolledbmenviro
nmentbmandbmabmstandardisedbmscriptbmwasbmusedbmwhenbmthebmchildrenbmandbmtheirbmparentsbmar
rived.bm-bmanswers--UsebmthebmstembmtobmanswerbmthebmQuestions!



(Junebm2022)bm9.bmExplainbmwhybmthebmresearcherbmusedbmabmcontrolledbmobservationbmandbmabmst
andardisedbmscriptbminbmthisbmstudy.bm[4bmmarks]bm-bmanswers--Possiblebmcontent:bm

•bmabmstandardisedbmscriptbmwouldbmensurebmthebmsamebmgreetingbmwasbmgivenbmtobmthebmchildren
bmandbmtheirbmparentsbmwhenbmtheybmarrived,bmprovidingbmabmhighbmlevelbmofbmcontrolbm

•bmwithoutbmusingbmabmstandardisedbmscript,bmthebmresearcher'sbmwelcomebmmaybmvarybmcausingbm
unintentionalbmbias,bmegbmmaybmusebmmorebmchild-
friendlybmvocabularybmwhichbmmaybmmakebmthebmchildbmlessbmanxiousbmandbmthusbmmorebmsociable,
bmetcbm

•bmusingbmabmcontrolledbmobservationbmhelpsbmtobmreducebmextraneousbmvariablesbmwhichbmmaybmh
avebmanbmimpactbmonbmthebmsocialbmbehaviourbmofbmthebmchildren,bmaffectingbmthebmvaliditybmofbmt
hebmstudy.



(Junebm2022)bm11.bmThebmresearcherbmusedbmtwobmtrainedbmobserversbmtobmrecordbmthebmsocialbmb
ehavioursbmofbmeachbmchildbmboxbmduringbmthebmobservation.bm



GivebmTWObmbehaviouralbmcategoriesbmthatbmthebmobserversbmcouldbmhavebmusedbminbmthebmobserv
ationbmtobmassessbmthebmpre-
schoolbmchildren'sbmsocialbmbehaviour.bmExplainbmwhybmyourbmchosenbmcategoriesbmarebmappropriate.
bm[4bmmarks]bm-bmanswers--Possiblebmbehaviouralbmcategories:bm

•bmchildbmsmilesbmatbmanotherbmchildbm

•bmchildbmsharesbmtoysbm

•bmchildbmtalksbmtobmanotherbmchildbm

•bmchildbmsnatchesbmabmtoybmfrombmanotherbmchild.

Possiblebmpoints:bm

•bmbehaviouralbmcategoriesbmarebmappropriatebmbecausebmtheybmfocusbmonbmsocialbmbehaviours/
arebmobjective/visible/mutuallybmexclusive/notbmambiguous/notbmoverlapping



(Junebm2022)bm10.bmIdentifybmONEbmlimitationbmofbmcontrolledbmobservationsbm[1bmmarks]bm-
bmanswers--Possiblebmcontent:bm