NR 565 FINAL EXAM |QUESTIONS WTH CORRECT
ANSWERS |PRE-EVALUATED A+
Acute symptoms of diabetes plus casual plasma glucose concentration greater than
or equal to 200 mg/dL.
*Casual is defined as any time of day without regard to time since last meal. The
classic symptoms of diabetes are polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss.
a. Pre-diabetes
b. Diabetes mellitus
b
HgbA1c greater than or equal to 6.5%
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
a
2 hour post-load plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test greater than or
equal to 200 mg/dL. The test uses a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 g
anhydrous glucose dissolved in water.
a. Pre-diabetes
b. Diabetes mellitus
b
Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL.
*Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 hours.
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
a
,Fasting plasma glucose 100 to 125 mg/dL (IFG) or
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
b
Plasma glucose 140 to 199 mg/dL (IGT) 2 hours post-ingestion of standard glucose
load (75 g) or
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
b
HgbA1c 5.7% to 6.4%
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
b
SGLT2i (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors)
-ozin
Biguanides
Metformin (Glucophage)
DPP-4i (Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors)
- iptin
Sulfonylureas
- Gly or Gli
GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists)
- glutides
TZD (Thiazolidinediones)
- azone
Rapid onset insulin
aspart (Novolog), glulisine (apidra) and lispro (humalog)
Rapid acting onset
,5-30 minutes
rapid acting peak
0.5 - 3 hours
rapid acting duration
3-4 hours
short acting insulin
Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
short acting onset
30-60 min
short acting peak
2-4 h
short acting duration
3-7 h
intermediate acting insulin
Isophane (NPH)
intermediate acting onset
1-2 hours
intermediate acting peak
4-10 hours
intermediate acting duration
10-16 h
long acting insulin
glargine (Lantus)
detemir (Levemir)
long acting onset
1-2 hours
, long acting peak
none
long acting duration
20-24 h
fixed combination insulin
NPH mixed with regular or lisper or aspirate
fixed combination onset
5-60 minutes
fixed combination peak
dual
fixed combination duration
16 h
TSH is low, free T4 is high and T3 is normal
Etiology can be related to exogenous T4 ingestion, a concurrent non-thyroidal
illness, or amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction.
Serum TSH is normal or elevated, and free T4 and T3 are elevated
Possibility of a TSH producing pituitary tumor, which would need to be evaluated
further with magnetic resonance imaging.
TSH is low, the free T4 is normal and the serum T3 is high
Primary hyperthyroidism. However, other reasons for this thyroid function test
abnormality could be exogenous T3 ingestion, or a functioning adenoma.
Which of the following agents is the first-line treatment for hyperthyroidism or
Grave's disease?
a. Metoprolol
b. Methimazole
c. Allopurinol
d. Levothyroxine
b
ANSWERS |PRE-EVALUATED A+
Acute symptoms of diabetes plus casual plasma glucose concentration greater than
or equal to 200 mg/dL.
*Casual is defined as any time of day without regard to time since last meal. The
classic symptoms of diabetes are polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss.
a. Pre-diabetes
b. Diabetes mellitus
b
HgbA1c greater than or equal to 6.5%
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
a
2 hour post-load plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test greater than or
equal to 200 mg/dL. The test uses a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 g
anhydrous glucose dissolved in water.
a. Pre-diabetes
b. Diabetes mellitus
b
Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL.
*Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 hours.
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
a
,Fasting plasma glucose 100 to 125 mg/dL (IFG) or
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
b
Plasma glucose 140 to 199 mg/dL (IGT) 2 hours post-ingestion of standard glucose
load (75 g) or
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
b
HgbA1c 5.7% to 6.4%
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
b
SGLT2i (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors)
-ozin
Biguanides
Metformin (Glucophage)
DPP-4i (Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors)
- iptin
Sulfonylureas
- Gly or Gli
GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists)
- glutides
TZD (Thiazolidinediones)
- azone
Rapid onset insulin
aspart (Novolog), glulisine (apidra) and lispro (humalog)
Rapid acting onset
,5-30 minutes
rapid acting peak
0.5 - 3 hours
rapid acting duration
3-4 hours
short acting insulin
Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
short acting onset
30-60 min
short acting peak
2-4 h
short acting duration
3-7 h
intermediate acting insulin
Isophane (NPH)
intermediate acting onset
1-2 hours
intermediate acting peak
4-10 hours
intermediate acting duration
10-16 h
long acting insulin
glargine (Lantus)
detemir (Levemir)
long acting onset
1-2 hours
, long acting peak
none
long acting duration
20-24 h
fixed combination insulin
NPH mixed with regular or lisper or aspirate
fixed combination onset
5-60 minutes
fixed combination peak
dual
fixed combination duration
16 h
TSH is low, free T4 is high and T3 is normal
Etiology can be related to exogenous T4 ingestion, a concurrent non-thyroidal
illness, or amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction.
Serum TSH is normal or elevated, and free T4 and T3 are elevated
Possibility of a TSH producing pituitary tumor, which would need to be evaluated
further with magnetic resonance imaging.
TSH is low, the free T4 is normal and the serum T3 is high
Primary hyperthyroidism. However, other reasons for this thyroid function test
abnormality could be exogenous T3 ingestion, or a functioning adenoma.
Which of the following agents is the first-line treatment for hyperthyroidism or
Grave's disease?
a. Metoprolol
b. Methimazole
c. Allopurinol
d. Levothyroxine
b
