Hondros NUR 205 exam 3 Questions
with Accurate Detailed Answers
Impaired urinary elimination - Answer: 1. Anuria (absence of urine)
2. Dysuria ( painful urnination)
3. Polyuria ( multiple episodes of urinating-diabetes)
4. Urinary frequency (multiple episodes w/ little urine produced in a short time)
5. Urinary hesitancy (the urge to urinate exists, but pt having hard time starting the stream)
3 processes of urine formation - Answer: 1. glomerular filtration
2. tubular reabsorption
3. tubular secretion
Glomerular filtration - Answer: The first step in urine formation in which substances in blood pass
through the filtration membrane and the filtrate enters the proximal convoluted tubule of the
nephron.
Tubular reabsorption - Answer: Process of reabsorbing water and electrolytes back into the blood
Tubular secretion - Answer: selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal tubules and
collecting ducts
Urinary incontinence
1. Stress - Answer: Leakage of small amounts of urine during physical movement - ie. coughing,
sneezing, exercising.
Urinary incontinence
2. Urge - Answer: leakage of small amounts of urine at UNEXPECTED times - ie. during sleep
Urinary incontinence
3. Functional - Answer: Untimely urination because of physical disability, external obstacles, or
cognitive problems that prevent from reaching the toilet.
,Urinary incontinence
4. Overflow - Answer: Unexpected leakage of small amounts of urine due to full bladder
Urinary incontinence
5. Transient - Answer: Leakage that occurs temporarily because of a situation that will pass - ie. UTI,
infection, pregnancy, cold with coughing.
Urinary incontinence
6. Reflex - Answer: Involuntary loss of urine occurring at predictable intervals when patient reaches
bladder volume - ie. spinal cord damage, loss of urge to void.
Nursing interventions for constipation - Answer: Sitting in chair, walking
Increase fluids, and fiber
Elimination discomfort exemplars - Answer: Anal fissure
anorectal abscess
hemorrhoids
interstitial cystitis
pilonidal cyst
urolithiasis
Elimination infection and inflammation exemplars - Answer: GI:
Infection-- C. Diff
Inflammation--IBD, UC, Crohns
Urinary:
Infection--UTI, kidney infection, pyelonephritis, kidney stones
Colorectal risk factors - Answer: Over age 50
Race - African American have highest rates
Diet - intake of animal fats and red meat
, Type 1 diabetes - Answer: -no insulin is produced
-usually diagnosed in childhood
-cells are starved of glucose since there is no insulin to bring into the cells
-cells break down protein and fat into energy causing ketones to build up - acidosis
Type 1 signs and symptoms - Answer: *abrupt!*
Polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
Type 1 treatment - Answer: Insulin only.
oral agents will not work
DKA patho - Answer: *abrupt*
1. not enough insulin
2. blood sugar becomes VERY high
3. cells break down protein and fat into energy
4. ketones build up---acidosis
DKA signs and symptoms - Answer: Ketosis and acidosis
fruity breath
hyperglycemia
dehydration
kussmaul respiration--trying to blow off CO2
DKA treatment - Answer: IV insulin
Fluid replacement
Correction of fluid/electrolyte imbalances
with Accurate Detailed Answers
Impaired urinary elimination - Answer: 1. Anuria (absence of urine)
2. Dysuria ( painful urnination)
3. Polyuria ( multiple episodes of urinating-diabetes)
4. Urinary frequency (multiple episodes w/ little urine produced in a short time)
5. Urinary hesitancy (the urge to urinate exists, but pt having hard time starting the stream)
3 processes of urine formation - Answer: 1. glomerular filtration
2. tubular reabsorption
3. tubular secretion
Glomerular filtration - Answer: The first step in urine formation in which substances in blood pass
through the filtration membrane and the filtrate enters the proximal convoluted tubule of the
nephron.
Tubular reabsorption - Answer: Process of reabsorbing water and electrolytes back into the blood
Tubular secretion - Answer: selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal tubules and
collecting ducts
Urinary incontinence
1. Stress - Answer: Leakage of small amounts of urine during physical movement - ie. coughing,
sneezing, exercising.
Urinary incontinence
2. Urge - Answer: leakage of small amounts of urine at UNEXPECTED times - ie. during sleep
Urinary incontinence
3. Functional - Answer: Untimely urination because of physical disability, external obstacles, or
cognitive problems that prevent from reaching the toilet.
,Urinary incontinence
4. Overflow - Answer: Unexpected leakage of small amounts of urine due to full bladder
Urinary incontinence
5. Transient - Answer: Leakage that occurs temporarily because of a situation that will pass - ie. UTI,
infection, pregnancy, cold with coughing.
Urinary incontinence
6. Reflex - Answer: Involuntary loss of urine occurring at predictable intervals when patient reaches
bladder volume - ie. spinal cord damage, loss of urge to void.
Nursing interventions for constipation - Answer: Sitting in chair, walking
Increase fluids, and fiber
Elimination discomfort exemplars - Answer: Anal fissure
anorectal abscess
hemorrhoids
interstitial cystitis
pilonidal cyst
urolithiasis
Elimination infection and inflammation exemplars - Answer: GI:
Infection-- C. Diff
Inflammation--IBD, UC, Crohns
Urinary:
Infection--UTI, kidney infection, pyelonephritis, kidney stones
Colorectal risk factors - Answer: Over age 50
Race - African American have highest rates
Diet - intake of animal fats and red meat
, Type 1 diabetes - Answer: -no insulin is produced
-usually diagnosed in childhood
-cells are starved of glucose since there is no insulin to bring into the cells
-cells break down protein and fat into energy causing ketones to build up - acidosis
Type 1 signs and symptoms - Answer: *abrupt!*
Polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
Type 1 treatment - Answer: Insulin only.
oral agents will not work
DKA patho - Answer: *abrupt*
1. not enough insulin
2. blood sugar becomes VERY high
3. cells break down protein and fat into energy
4. ketones build up---acidosis
DKA signs and symptoms - Answer: Ketosis and acidosis
fruity breath
hyperglycemia
dehydration
kussmaul respiration--trying to blow off CO2
DKA treatment - Answer: IV insulin
Fluid replacement
Correction of fluid/electrolyte imbalances
