TEST BANK g
A Concise Introduction to Logic
g g g g
14th Edition by HurleyChapter 1 to 14
g g g g g g g
TESTBANK g
,TABLEOFCONTENTS g g
Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
g g g
1. Basic Concepts.
g g
Arguments,gPremises,gandgConclusions.gExercise.gRecognizinggArguments.gExercise.gDeductiongandgInduction.gExercise.gValidity,gTruth,gSoundness,
ength,gCogency.gExercise.gArgumentgForms:gProvinggInvalidity.gExercise.gExtendedgArguments.gExercise.
2. Language: Meaning and Definition.
g g g g
VarietiesgofgMeaning.gExercise.gThegIntensiongandgExtensiongofgTerms.gExercise.gDefinitionsgandgTheirgPurposes.gExercise.gDefinitionalgTechnique
xercise.gCriteriagforgLexicalgDefinitions.gExercise.
3. Informal Fallacies.
g g
FallaciesgingGeneral.gExercise.gFallaciesgofgRelevance.gExercise.gFallaciesoofgWeakgInduction.gExercise.gFallaciesgofgPresumption,gAmbiguity,gandg
itgTransference.gExercise.gFallaciesgingOrdinarygLanguage.gExercise.
Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.
g g g
4. Categorical Propositions.
g g
ThegComponentsgofgCategoricalgPropositions.gExercise.gQuality,oQuantity,gandgDistribution.gExercise.gVenngDiagramsgandgthegModerngSquaregofgO
osition.g Exercise.g Conversion,g Obversion,oandgContraposition.g Exercise.g Theg Traditionalg Squareg ofg Opposition.g Exercise.g VenngDiagramsgangdgt
TraditionalgStandpoint.gExercise.gTranslatinggOrdinarygLanguagegStatementsgintogCategoricalgForm.gExercise.
5. Categorical Syllogisms.
g g
StandardgForm,gMood,gandgFigure.gExercise.gVenngDiagrams.gExercise.gRulesgandgFallacies.gExercise.gReducinggthegNumbergofgTerms.gExercise.g
dinarygLanguagegArguments.gExercise.gEnthymemes.gExercise.gSorites.gExercise.
6. Propositional Logic.
g g
SymbolsgandgTranslation.gExercise.gTruthgFunctions.gExercise.gTruthgTablesgforgPropositions.gExercise.gTruthgTablesgforgArguments.gExercise.gIndirec
uthgTables.gExercise.gArgumentgFormsgandgFallacies.gExercise.
7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic.
g g g g g
RulesgofgImplicationgI.gExercise.gRulesoofgImplicationgII.gExercise.gRulesgofgReplacementgI.gExercise.gRulesgofgReplacementoII.gExercise.gConditionalg
oof.gExercise.gIndirectgProof.gExercise.gProvinggLogicalgTruths.gExercise.
8. Predicate Logic.
g g
SymbolsgandgTranslation.gExercise.gUsinggthegRulesgofgInference.gExercise.gQuantifiergNegationgRule.gExercise.gConditionalgandgIndirectgProof.gEx
cise.gProvinggInvalidity.gExercise.gRelationalgPredicatesgandgOverlappinggQuantifiers.gExercise.gIdentity.gExercise.
Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
g g g
9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning.
g g g g g g
AnalogicalgReasoning.gLegalgReasoning.gMoralgReasoning.gExercise.
10. Causality and Mill's Methods.
g g g g
,"Cause"gandgNecessarygandgSufficientgConditions.gMill'sgFivegMethods.gMill'sgMethodsoandgScience.gExercise.
11. Probability.
g
Theoriesg ofg Probability.g ThegProbabilityg Calculus.g Exercise.
12. Statistical Reasoning.
g g
EvaluatinggStatistics.gSamples.gThegMeaninggofg"Average."gDispersion.gGraphsgandgPictograms.gPercentages.gExercise.
13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning.
g g
ThegHypotheticalgMethod.gHypotheticalgReasoning:gFourgExamplesgfromgScience.gThegProofgofgHypotheses.gThegTentativegAcceptancegofgHypothg
es.gExercise.
14. Science and Superstition.
g g g
DistinguishinggBetweengSciencegandgSuperstition.gEvidentiarygSupport.gObjectivity.gIntegrity.gAbusinggScience.gExercise.gAnsw
ersgtogSelectedgExercises.
, Chapter 1 Test A
g g g
MULTIPLEgCHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:gThegfollowinggselectionsgrelategtogdistinguishinggargumentsgfromgnonargumentsgan
dgidentifyinggconclusions.gSelectgthegbestganswergforgeach.
1. Theregappearsgtogbegaggrowingghappinessggapgbetweengmengandgwomen.gWomengtodaygaregworkingg
moregandgrelaxinggless,gwhilegmengaregworkingglessgandgrelaxinggmore.gFortygyearsgagogagtypicalgwo
mangspentg40gminutesgmoregpergweekgthangthegtypicalgmangperforminggangactivitygconsideredgunplea
sant.gToday,gwithgmengworkinggless,gtheggapgisg90gminutesgandggrowing.
a. Argument;gconclusion:gTodayg...gtheggapgisg90gminutesgandggrowing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;gconclusion:g Fortygyearsgagog...gangactivitygconsideredgunpleasant.
d. Argument;gconclusion:gTheregappearsgtogbeg...gbetweengmengandgwomen.
e. Argument;gconclusion:gWomengtodaygaregworkinggmoregandgrelaxinggless.
ANS:g D PTS:g 2
2. Leadgisgtoxic,gbutgdogyougknowgwhy?gLeadgisgtoxicgmainlygbecausegitgpreferentiallygreplacesgothergmet
alsgingbiochemicalgreactions.gIngsogdoinggitointerferesgwithgthegproteinsgthatoregulategbloodgpressureg (which
gcangcausegdevelopment gdelaysgingchildrengandghighgbloodgpressuregingadults),ghemegproductiong (whichgc
angleadgtoganemia),gandgspermgproduction.gLeadgalsogdisplacesgcalciumgingthegreactionsgthatgtransmito
electricalgimpulsesgingthegbrain,owhichgdiminishesgthegabilitygtogthinkgandgrecallginformation.
AnnegMariegHelmstine,g"YourgGuidegtogChemistry"
a. Argument;gconclusion:gItointerferesgwithgthegproteinsg...gandgspermgproduction.
b. Argument;gconclusion:gLeadgisgtoxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;g conclusion:g Itopreferentiallyg replacesg otherg metalsg ing biochemicalg reactions.
e. Argument;gconclusion:gLeadgalsogdisplacesgcalciumg...grecallginformation.
ANS:g C PTS:g 2
3. Aristotlegfocusedgongclarifyinggthegconceptgofgvirtuegitself.gHegarguedgthatgitgwasgvirtuousgtogchoosegtheg
propergamountgofgemotiongand/orgactiongcalledgforgingagparticulargsituationgandgthatgextremesgofgemoti
ongandgactiongweregvices.gIngallgcommunitiesgtheregaregsomegmengofgpracticalgwisdomgwhoghavegthegca
pacitygtogjudgegwisely.gAristotlegarguedgthatgtheyghavegthegcapacitygtogfollowgtheg"rightgrule"gwhateve
rgthegsituation.
DavidgCooper,gValuegPluralismgandgEthicalgChoice
a. Argument;gconclusion:gIngallgcommunitiesg...gcapacitygtogjudgegwisely.
b. Argument;gconclusion:g Aristotlegfocusedgongclarifyinggthegconceptg ofg virtuegitself.
c. Argument;gconclusion:gTheyghavegthegcapacitygtogfollowg...gthegsituation.
d. Argument;gconclusion:gHegarguedgthatgitgwasgvirtuousg...gweregvices
e. Nonargument.
ANS:g E PTS:g 2
4. Illegalgimmigrantsgpayglocalgsalesgtaxes,gandgmanygofgthemgalsogpaygstate,glocal,gandgfederalgincomegtaxg
andgSocialgSecuritygtax.gTheygalsogpurchasegitemsgfromglocalgmerchants,gincreasinggthegamountgthesegmerch
antsgpaygingtaxes.gInoaddition,gtheygworkgforglowgsalaries,gwhichgincreasesgthegearningsgofgtheirgemployer
soandgthegamountgofgtaxesgthesegemployersgpay.gThus,gitgisgnotgcorrectgtogsaygthatgillegalgimmigrantsgcontr
ibutegnothinggtogthegcommunitiesgingwhichgtheyglive.
a. Argument;gconclusion:gItgisgnotgcorrectgtogsayg...gcommunitiesgingwhichgtheyglive.
1
A Concise Introduction to Logic
g g g g
14th Edition by HurleyChapter 1 to 14
g g g g g g g
TESTBANK g
,TABLEOFCONTENTS g g
Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
g g g
1. Basic Concepts.
g g
Arguments,gPremises,gandgConclusions.gExercise.gRecognizinggArguments.gExercise.gDeductiongandgInduction.gExercise.gValidity,gTruth,gSoundness,
ength,gCogency.gExercise.gArgumentgForms:gProvinggInvalidity.gExercise.gExtendedgArguments.gExercise.
2. Language: Meaning and Definition.
g g g g
VarietiesgofgMeaning.gExercise.gThegIntensiongandgExtensiongofgTerms.gExercise.gDefinitionsgandgTheirgPurposes.gExercise.gDefinitionalgTechnique
xercise.gCriteriagforgLexicalgDefinitions.gExercise.
3. Informal Fallacies.
g g
FallaciesgingGeneral.gExercise.gFallaciesgofgRelevance.gExercise.gFallaciesoofgWeakgInduction.gExercise.gFallaciesgofgPresumption,gAmbiguity,gandg
itgTransference.gExercise.gFallaciesgingOrdinarygLanguage.gExercise.
Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.
g g g
4. Categorical Propositions.
g g
ThegComponentsgofgCategoricalgPropositions.gExercise.gQuality,oQuantity,gandgDistribution.gExercise.gVenngDiagramsgandgthegModerngSquaregofgO
osition.g Exercise.g Conversion,g Obversion,oandgContraposition.g Exercise.g Theg Traditionalg Squareg ofg Opposition.g Exercise.g VenngDiagramsgangdgt
TraditionalgStandpoint.gExercise.gTranslatinggOrdinarygLanguagegStatementsgintogCategoricalgForm.gExercise.
5. Categorical Syllogisms.
g g
StandardgForm,gMood,gandgFigure.gExercise.gVenngDiagrams.gExercise.gRulesgandgFallacies.gExercise.gReducinggthegNumbergofgTerms.gExercise.g
dinarygLanguagegArguments.gExercise.gEnthymemes.gExercise.gSorites.gExercise.
6. Propositional Logic.
g g
SymbolsgandgTranslation.gExercise.gTruthgFunctions.gExercise.gTruthgTablesgforgPropositions.gExercise.gTruthgTablesgforgArguments.gExercise.gIndirec
uthgTables.gExercise.gArgumentgFormsgandgFallacies.gExercise.
7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic.
g g g g g
RulesgofgImplicationgI.gExercise.gRulesoofgImplicationgII.gExercise.gRulesgofgReplacementgI.gExercise.gRulesgofgReplacementoII.gExercise.gConditionalg
oof.gExercise.gIndirectgProof.gExercise.gProvinggLogicalgTruths.gExercise.
8. Predicate Logic.
g g
SymbolsgandgTranslation.gExercise.gUsinggthegRulesgofgInference.gExercise.gQuantifiergNegationgRule.gExercise.gConditionalgandgIndirectgProof.gEx
cise.gProvinggInvalidity.gExercise.gRelationalgPredicatesgandgOverlappinggQuantifiers.gExercise.gIdentity.gExercise.
Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
g g g
9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning.
g g g g g g
AnalogicalgReasoning.gLegalgReasoning.gMoralgReasoning.gExercise.
10. Causality and Mill's Methods.
g g g g
,"Cause"gandgNecessarygandgSufficientgConditions.gMill'sgFivegMethods.gMill'sgMethodsoandgScience.gExercise.
11. Probability.
g
Theoriesg ofg Probability.g ThegProbabilityg Calculus.g Exercise.
12. Statistical Reasoning.
g g
EvaluatinggStatistics.gSamples.gThegMeaninggofg"Average."gDispersion.gGraphsgandgPictograms.gPercentages.gExercise.
13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning.
g g
ThegHypotheticalgMethod.gHypotheticalgReasoning:gFourgExamplesgfromgScience.gThegProofgofgHypotheses.gThegTentativegAcceptancegofgHypothg
es.gExercise.
14. Science and Superstition.
g g g
DistinguishinggBetweengSciencegandgSuperstition.gEvidentiarygSupport.gObjectivity.gIntegrity.gAbusinggScience.gExercise.gAnsw
ersgtogSelectedgExercises.
, Chapter 1 Test A
g g g
MULTIPLEgCHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS:gThegfollowinggselectionsgrelategtogdistinguishinggargumentsgfromgnonargumentsgan
dgidentifyinggconclusions.gSelectgthegbestganswergforgeach.
1. Theregappearsgtogbegaggrowingghappinessggapgbetweengmengandgwomen.gWomengtodaygaregworkingg
moregandgrelaxinggless,gwhilegmengaregworkingglessgandgrelaxinggmore.gFortygyearsgagogagtypicalgwo
mangspentg40gminutesgmoregpergweekgthangthegtypicalgmangperforminggangactivitygconsideredgunplea
sant.gToday,gwithgmengworkinggless,gtheggapgisg90gminutesgandggrowing.
a. Argument;gconclusion:gTodayg...gtheggapgisg90gminutesgandggrowing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;gconclusion:g Fortygyearsgagog...gangactivitygconsideredgunpleasant.
d. Argument;gconclusion:gTheregappearsgtogbeg...gbetweengmengandgwomen.
e. Argument;gconclusion:gWomengtodaygaregworkinggmoregandgrelaxinggless.
ANS:g D PTS:g 2
2. Leadgisgtoxic,gbutgdogyougknowgwhy?gLeadgisgtoxicgmainlygbecausegitgpreferentiallygreplacesgothergmet
alsgingbiochemicalgreactions.gIngsogdoinggitointerferesgwithgthegproteinsgthatoregulategbloodgpressureg (which
gcangcausegdevelopment gdelaysgingchildrengandghighgbloodgpressuregingadults),ghemegproductiong (whichgc
angleadgtoganemia),gandgspermgproduction.gLeadgalsogdisplacesgcalciumgingthegreactionsgthatgtransmito
electricalgimpulsesgingthegbrain,owhichgdiminishesgthegabilitygtogthinkgandgrecallginformation.
AnnegMariegHelmstine,g"YourgGuidegtogChemistry"
a. Argument;gconclusion:gItointerferesgwithgthegproteinsg...gandgspermgproduction.
b. Argument;gconclusion:gLeadgisgtoxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;g conclusion:g Itopreferentiallyg replacesg otherg metalsg ing biochemicalg reactions.
e. Argument;gconclusion:gLeadgalsogdisplacesgcalciumg...grecallginformation.
ANS:g C PTS:g 2
3. Aristotlegfocusedgongclarifyinggthegconceptgofgvirtuegitself.gHegarguedgthatgitgwasgvirtuousgtogchoosegtheg
propergamountgofgemotiongand/orgactiongcalledgforgingagparticulargsituationgandgthatgextremesgofgemoti
ongandgactiongweregvices.gIngallgcommunitiesgtheregaregsomegmengofgpracticalgwisdomgwhoghavegthegca
pacitygtogjudgegwisely.gAristotlegarguedgthatgtheyghavegthegcapacitygtogfollowgtheg"rightgrule"gwhateve
rgthegsituation.
DavidgCooper,gValuegPluralismgandgEthicalgChoice
a. Argument;gconclusion:gIngallgcommunitiesg...gcapacitygtogjudgegwisely.
b. Argument;gconclusion:g Aristotlegfocusedgongclarifyinggthegconceptg ofg virtuegitself.
c. Argument;gconclusion:gTheyghavegthegcapacitygtogfollowg...gthegsituation.
d. Argument;gconclusion:gHegarguedgthatgitgwasgvirtuousg...gweregvices
e. Nonargument.
ANS:g E PTS:g 2
4. Illegalgimmigrantsgpayglocalgsalesgtaxes,gandgmanygofgthemgalsogpaygstate,glocal,gandgfederalgincomegtaxg
andgSocialgSecuritygtax.gTheygalsogpurchasegitemsgfromglocalgmerchants,gincreasinggthegamountgthesegmerch
antsgpaygingtaxes.gInoaddition,gtheygworkgforglowgsalaries,gwhichgincreasesgthegearningsgofgtheirgemployer
soandgthegamountgofgtaxesgthesegemployersgpay.gThus,gitgisgnotgcorrectgtogsaygthatgillegalgimmigrantsgcontr
ibutegnothinggtogthegcommunitiesgingwhichgtheyglive.
a. Argument;gconclusion:gItgisgnotgcorrectgtogsayg...gcommunitiesgingwhichgtheyglive.
1
