ECPI BIO 111: Exam Chapter 8,9,10,11 With Complete
Solution Latest Update.
Metabolism ✔✔sum of all chemical reactions in the body
Cellular Metabolism ✔✔Sum of all chemical reactions occurring in a cell
What are the two types of metabolic reactions ✔✔anabolism and catabolism
Anabolism ✔✔Small molecules are built into larger ones; requires energy
Catabolism ✔✔larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones; releases energy
Anabolism ✔✔Provides materials for maintenance, cellular growth and repair
Anabolism ✔✔Requires ATP made during catabolism
Example of Anabolism ✔✔dehydration synthesis
Example of Catabolism ✔✔hydrolysis
What is produced during the Anabolic process ✔✔H20
What is catabolism used for ✔✔decompose carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
Enzymes ✔✔Greatly increase reaction rates/velocity/speed of chemical reactions
Ribosomes ✔✔Ribosomal protein + rRNA
Enzymes are ✔✔Mainly proteins but can be hybrid molecules
Another name for Enzymes ✔✔protein catalysts
Catalyze Specific reactions ✔✔Reactants have to have a specific shape for the enzyme
to work on them (think lock and key)
Enzymes (protein catalysts) ✔✔Are not consumed in the reaction, so they are used
repeatedly
Metabolome ✔✔all small molecules that are part of the metabolism in a cell, tissue,
organ, or organism
, Metabolic Pathways ✔✔Series of enzymes-controlled reactions leading to formation of
a product
Rate-limiting enzyme ✔✔A regulatory enzyme that catalyzes one step of pathway
typically sets rate for entire reaction sequence
Factors that alter enzymes ✔✔cofactor, coenzyme, denaturation
Example of Negative feedback ✔✔End product inhibits rate-limiting enzymes
Denaturation ✔✔Alteration of shape, if extreme enough then it alters function
Denaturation ✔✔Results in enzyme being unable to bind to substrate
Energy ✔✔Cannot be created or destroyed, but can be changed from one form to
another
Common forms of energy ✔✔heat/thermal, light, sound, electrical energy, mechanical
energy, chemical energy
Cellular respiration ✔✔process that transfers energy from molecules, and makes it
available for cellular use
Final products of Cellular respiration ✔✔carbon dioxide, water, 40% ATP, 60% heat
Anaerobic reactions ✔✔do not require O2, and make little ATP
Aerobic reactions ✔✔Require O2, and make most of ATP
Oxidation ✔✔Releases energy from glucose and other molecules
Energy is held in ______, and released when bonds are broken ✔✔Chemical bonds
What energy is transferred to ATP ? ✔✔40% is released as chemical energy; 60% is
released as heat;maintains body temp
Each enzyme is specific to a particular ✔✔Substrate
The ability to recognize a substrate depends on ✔✔the shape of the active site of the
enzyme
Cofactor ✔✔Non-protein substance that combines with enzyme to activate it; some help
fold the active site into proper conformation
Solution Latest Update.
Metabolism ✔✔sum of all chemical reactions in the body
Cellular Metabolism ✔✔Sum of all chemical reactions occurring in a cell
What are the two types of metabolic reactions ✔✔anabolism and catabolism
Anabolism ✔✔Small molecules are built into larger ones; requires energy
Catabolism ✔✔larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones; releases energy
Anabolism ✔✔Provides materials for maintenance, cellular growth and repair
Anabolism ✔✔Requires ATP made during catabolism
Example of Anabolism ✔✔dehydration synthesis
Example of Catabolism ✔✔hydrolysis
What is produced during the Anabolic process ✔✔H20
What is catabolism used for ✔✔decompose carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
Enzymes ✔✔Greatly increase reaction rates/velocity/speed of chemical reactions
Ribosomes ✔✔Ribosomal protein + rRNA
Enzymes are ✔✔Mainly proteins but can be hybrid molecules
Another name for Enzymes ✔✔protein catalysts
Catalyze Specific reactions ✔✔Reactants have to have a specific shape for the enzyme
to work on them (think lock and key)
Enzymes (protein catalysts) ✔✔Are not consumed in the reaction, so they are used
repeatedly
Metabolome ✔✔all small molecules that are part of the metabolism in a cell, tissue,
organ, or organism
, Metabolic Pathways ✔✔Series of enzymes-controlled reactions leading to formation of
a product
Rate-limiting enzyme ✔✔A regulatory enzyme that catalyzes one step of pathway
typically sets rate for entire reaction sequence
Factors that alter enzymes ✔✔cofactor, coenzyme, denaturation
Example of Negative feedback ✔✔End product inhibits rate-limiting enzymes
Denaturation ✔✔Alteration of shape, if extreme enough then it alters function
Denaturation ✔✔Results in enzyme being unable to bind to substrate
Energy ✔✔Cannot be created or destroyed, but can be changed from one form to
another
Common forms of energy ✔✔heat/thermal, light, sound, electrical energy, mechanical
energy, chemical energy
Cellular respiration ✔✔process that transfers energy from molecules, and makes it
available for cellular use
Final products of Cellular respiration ✔✔carbon dioxide, water, 40% ATP, 60% heat
Anaerobic reactions ✔✔do not require O2, and make little ATP
Aerobic reactions ✔✔Require O2, and make most of ATP
Oxidation ✔✔Releases energy from glucose and other molecules
Energy is held in ______, and released when bonds are broken ✔✔Chemical bonds
What energy is transferred to ATP ? ✔✔40% is released as chemical energy; 60% is
released as heat;maintains body temp
Each enzyme is specific to a particular ✔✔Substrate
The ability to recognize a substrate depends on ✔✔the shape of the active site of the
enzyme
Cofactor ✔✔Non-protein substance that combines with enzyme to activate it; some help
fold the active site into proper conformation
