PlusBay.Plus
,Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
Turgeon: Evolve Resources for Immunology & Serology in Laboratory Medicine,7th
Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The ``father``vofvimmunologyvisvgenerallyvconsideredvtovbe
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS:v B
LouisvPasteurvisvgenerallyvconsideredvtovbevthev―``fathervofvimmunology.``
DIF: CognitivevLevel:vI
2. Anvearlyvformvofvimmunizationvwasvpracticedvbyvthe
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. NativevAmericans.
ANS:v C
Beginningvaboutv1000vAD,vthevChinesevpracticedvavformvofvimmunizationvbyvinhalingvdriedvpow
dersvderivedvfromvthevcrustsvofvsmallpoxvlesions.
DIF: CognitivevLevel:vI
3. Avspecificvfunctionvofvthevimmunevsystemvisvto
a. recognizevselfvfromvnonself.
b. defendvthevbodyvagainstvnonself.
c. amplifyvspecificvfunctions.
d. BothvAvandvB.
ANS:v D
Thevfunctionvofvthevimmunevsystemvisvtovrecognizevselfvfromvnonselfvandvdefendvthevbodyvagains
tvnonself.vSuchvavsystemvisvnecessaryvforvsurvival.vThevimmunevsystemvalsovhasvnonspecificveffe
ctorvmechanismsvthatvusuallyvamplifyvthevspecificvfunctions.vNonspecificvcomponentsvofvthevim
munevsystemvincludevmononuclearvphagocytes,vpolymorphonuclearvleukocytes,vandvsolublevfact
orsv(e.g.,vcomplement).
DIF: CognitivevLevel:vI
4. Anvundesirablevconsequencevofvimmunityvis
a. naturalvresistance.
b. acquiredvresistancevtovinfectiousvdiseases.
PlusBay.Plus
, c. anvautoimmunevdisorder.
d. recoveryvfromvinfectiousvdisease.
ANS:v C
Thevdesirablevconsequencesvofvimmunityvincludevnaturalvresistance,vrecovery,vandvacquiredvresi
stancevtovinfectiousvdiseases.vAvdeficiencyvorvdysfunctionvofvthevimmunevsystemvcanvcausevmany
vdisorders.vUndesirablevconsequencesvofvimmunityvincludevallergy, vrejectionvofvavtransplantedvor
gan,vorvanvautoimmunevdisorder.
DIF: CognitivevLevel:vI
5. Thevimmunevsystemvhasvvariousvdistinctivevcharacteristicsvexcept;
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperationvamongvdifferentvcells.
ANS:v D
Thevimmunevsystemvisvcomposedvofvavlarge,vcomplexvsetvofvwidelyvdistributedvelements,vwithvth
evdistinctivevcharacteristicsvofvspecificity,vmemory,vmobility,vreplicability,vandvcooperationvamo
ngvdifferentvcellsvorvcellularvproducts.vSpecificityvandvmemoryvarevcharacteristicsvofvlymphocyte
svinvthevimmunevsystem.vNonspecificvelementsvofvthevimmunevsystemvdemonstratevmobility.vInva
ddition,vspecificvandvnonspecificvcellularvcomponentsvofvthevimmunevsystemvcanvreplicate.vCoop
erationvisvrequiredvforvoptimalvfunctioning,vandvinteractionvinvolvesvspecificvcellularvelements,vc
ellvproducts,vandvnonlymphoidvelements.
DIF: CognitivevLevel:vI
6. Hematopoiesisvoccursvinvthevyolkvsacvduringvthe
a. immediatevhoursvaftervconception
b. secondvmonthvofvgestation.
c. secondvtrimestervofvgestation.
d. periodsvofvseverevanemiavinvchildren.
ANS:v A
Thevsitesvofvbloodvcellvdevelopment,vorvhematopoiesis,vfollowvavdefinitevsequencevinvthevembryo
vandvfetus.vHematopoiesis voccursvinvthevyolkvsacvduringvthevsecondvmonthvofvgestation.
DIF: CognitivevLevel:vII
7. Thevsequencevofvbloodvcellvdevelopmentvinvthevembryovandvfetusvis
a. yolkvsac,vliver-spleen,vbonevmarrow.
b. yolkvsac,vbonevmarrow,vliver/spleen.
c. liver-spleen,vyolkvsac,vbonevmarrow.
d. bonevmarrow,vliver-spleen,vyolkvsac.
ANS:v A
PlusBay.Plus
, Thevfirstvbloodvcellsvarevprimitivevredvbloodvcellsv(erythroblasts;vRBCs)vformedvinvthevisletsvofvt
hevyolkvsacvduringvthevfirstv2vtov8vweeksvofvlife.vGradually,vthevlivervandvspleenvreplacevthevyolkv
sacvasvthevsitesvofvbloodvcellvdevelopment.vByvthevsecondvmonthvofvgestation,vthevlivervbecomesv
thevmajorvsitevofvhematopoiesis,vandvgranularvtypesvofvleukocytesvhavevmadevtheirvinitialvappear
ance.vThevlivervandvspleenvpredominatevfromvaboutv2vtov5vmonthsvofvfetalvlife.vInvthevfourthvmon
thvofvgestation,vbonevmarrowvbeginsvtovproducevbloodvcells.vAftervthevfifthvfetalvmonth,vbonevma
rrowvbeginsvtovassumevitsvultimatevrolevasvthevprimaryvsitevofvhematopoiesis.
DIF: CognitivevLevel:vII
8. Thevprimaryvfunctionvofvmaturevneutrophilsvis
a. tovreducevinflammation.
b. tovlysevparasitesvinvthevcirculatoryvsystem.
c. antigenvrecognition.
d. phagocytosis.
ANS:v D
Variousvphagocyticvcellsvcontinuallyvcirculatevthroughoutvthevblood,vlymph,vgastrointestinalvsyst
em,vandvrespiratoryvtract.vWhenvtraumavoccurs,vthevneutrophilsvarrivevatvthevsitevofvinjuryvandvca
nvbevfoundvinvthevinitialvexudatevinvlessvthanv1vhour.vMonocytesvarevslowervinvmovingvtovthevinfla
mmatoryvsite.vMacrophagesvresidentvinvthevtissuesvofvthevbodyvarevalreadyvinvplacevtovdealvwithva
nvintrudingvagent.vAdditionalvmacrophagesvfromvthevbonevmarrowvandvothervtissuesvcanvbevreleas
edvinvseverevinfections.
DIF: CognitivevLevel:vII
9. Primaryvgranules,vorvazurophilicvgranules,vinvneutrophilsvcontain
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. BothvAvandvB.
ANS:v D
Granulesvinvthevphagocytevcytosolvcontainvdegradatoryvenzymesvofvthreevtypes
1. Primary,vorvazurophilic,vgranulesvcontainingvenzymesv(e.g.,vlysozyme,v
myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary,vorvspecific,vgranulesvcontainingvsubstancesvsuchvasvlactoferrin.
3. Tertiaryvgranulesvcontainingvsubstancesvsuchvasvcaspases
DIF: CognitivevLevel:vI
10. Thevoriginvofvavconditionvwhenveosinophilsvarevincreasedvinvthevcirculatingvbloodvisvassociatedv
with:
a. fungus
b. parasiticvamoeba
c. allergicvreactions
d. bacteria
ANS:v C
PlusBay.Plus
,Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
Turgeon: Evolve Resources for Immunology & Serology in Laboratory Medicine,7th
Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The ``father``vofvimmunologyvisvgenerallyvconsideredvtovbe
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS:v B
LouisvPasteurvisvgenerallyvconsideredvtovbevthev―``fathervofvimmunology.``
DIF: CognitivevLevel:vI
2. Anvearlyvformvofvimmunizationvwasvpracticedvbyvthe
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. NativevAmericans.
ANS:v C
Beginningvaboutv1000vAD,vthevChinesevpracticedvavformvofvimmunizationvbyvinhalingvdriedvpow
dersvderivedvfromvthevcrustsvofvsmallpoxvlesions.
DIF: CognitivevLevel:vI
3. Avspecificvfunctionvofvthevimmunevsystemvisvto
a. recognizevselfvfromvnonself.
b. defendvthevbodyvagainstvnonself.
c. amplifyvspecificvfunctions.
d. BothvAvandvB.
ANS:v D
Thevfunctionvofvthevimmunevsystemvisvtovrecognizevselfvfromvnonselfvandvdefendvthevbodyvagains
tvnonself.vSuchvavsystemvisvnecessaryvforvsurvival.vThevimmunevsystemvalsovhasvnonspecificveffe
ctorvmechanismsvthatvusuallyvamplifyvthevspecificvfunctions.vNonspecificvcomponentsvofvthevim
munevsystemvincludevmononuclearvphagocytes,vpolymorphonuclearvleukocytes,vandvsolublevfact
orsv(e.g.,vcomplement).
DIF: CognitivevLevel:vI
4. Anvundesirablevconsequencevofvimmunityvis
a. naturalvresistance.
b. acquiredvresistancevtovinfectiousvdiseases.
PlusBay.Plus
, c. anvautoimmunevdisorder.
d. recoveryvfromvinfectiousvdisease.
ANS:v C
Thevdesirablevconsequencesvofvimmunityvincludevnaturalvresistance,vrecovery,vandvacquiredvresi
stancevtovinfectiousvdiseases.vAvdeficiencyvorvdysfunctionvofvthevimmunevsystemvcanvcausevmany
vdisorders.vUndesirablevconsequencesvofvimmunityvincludevallergy, vrejectionvofvavtransplantedvor
gan,vorvanvautoimmunevdisorder.
DIF: CognitivevLevel:vI
5. Thevimmunevsystemvhasvvariousvdistinctivevcharacteristicsvexcept;
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperationvamongvdifferentvcells.
ANS:v D
Thevimmunevsystemvisvcomposedvofvavlarge,vcomplexvsetvofvwidelyvdistributedvelements,vwithvth
evdistinctivevcharacteristicsvofvspecificity,vmemory,vmobility,vreplicability,vandvcooperationvamo
ngvdifferentvcellsvorvcellularvproducts.vSpecificityvandvmemoryvarevcharacteristicsvofvlymphocyte
svinvthevimmunevsystem.vNonspecificvelementsvofvthevimmunevsystemvdemonstratevmobility.vInva
ddition,vspecificvandvnonspecificvcellularvcomponentsvofvthevimmunevsystemvcanvreplicate.vCoop
erationvisvrequiredvforvoptimalvfunctioning,vandvinteractionvinvolvesvspecificvcellularvelements,vc
ellvproducts,vandvnonlymphoidvelements.
DIF: CognitivevLevel:vI
6. Hematopoiesisvoccursvinvthevyolkvsacvduringvthe
a. immediatevhoursvaftervconception
b. secondvmonthvofvgestation.
c. secondvtrimestervofvgestation.
d. periodsvofvseverevanemiavinvchildren.
ANS:v A
Thevsitesvofvbloodvcellvdevelopment,vorvhematopoiesis,vfollowvavdefinitevsequencevinvthevembryo
vandvfetus.vHematopoiesis voccursvinvthevyolkvsacvduringvthevsecondvmonthvofvgestation.
DIF: CognitivevLevel:vII
7. Thevsequencevofvbloodvcellvdevelopmentvinvthevembryovandvfetusvis
a. yolkvsac,vliver-spleen,vbonevmarrow.
b. yolkvsac,vbonevmarrow,vliver/spleen.
c. liver-spleen,vyolkvsac,vbonevmarrow.
d. bonevmarrow,vliver-spleen,vyolkvsac.
ANS:v A
PlusBay.Plus
, Thevfirstvbloodvcellsvarevprimitivevredvbloodvcellsv(erythroblasts;vRBCs)vformedvinvthevisletsvofvt
hevyolkvsacvduringvthevfirstv2vtov8vweeksvofvlife.vGradually,vthevlivervandvspleenvreplacevthevyolkv
sacvasvthevsitesvofvbloodvcellvdevelopment.vByvthevsecondvmonthvofvgestation,vthevlivervbecomesv
thevmajorvsitevofvhematopoiesis,vandvgranularvtypesvofvleukocytesvhavevmadevtheirvinitialvappear
ance.vThevlivervandvspleenvpredominatevfromvaboutv2vtov5vmonthsvofvfetalvlife.vInvthevfourthvmon
thvofvgestation,vbonevmarrowvbeginsvtovproducevbloodvcells.vAftervthevfifthvfetalvmonth,vbonevma
rrowvbeginsvtovassumevitsvultimatevrolevasvthevprimaryvsitevofvhematopoiesis.
DIF: CognitivevLevel:vII
8. Thevprimaryvfunctionvofvmaturevneutrophilsvis
a. tovreducevinflammation.
b. tovlysevparasitesvinvthevcirculatoryvsystem.
c. antigenvrecognition.
d. phagocytosis.
ANS:v D
Variousvphagocyticvcellsvcontinuallyvcirculatevthroughoutvthevblood,vlymph,vgastrointestinalvsyst
em,vandvrespiratoryvtract.vWhenvtraumavoccurs,vthevneutrophilsvarrivevatvthevsitevofvinjuryvandvca
nvbevfoundvinvthevinitialvexudatevinvlessvthanv1vhour.vMonocytesvarevslowervinvmovingvtovthevinfla
mmatoryvsite.vMacrophagesvresidentvinvthevtissuesvofvthevbodyvarevalreadyvinvplacevtovdealvwithva
nvintrudingvagent.vAdditionalvmacrophagesvfromvthevbonevmarrowvandvothervtissuesvcanvbevreleas
edvinvseverevinfections.
DIF: CognitivevLevel:vII
9. Primaryvgranules,vorvazurophilicvgranules,vinvneutrophilsvcontain
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. BothvAvandvB.
ANS:v D
Granulesvinvthevphagocytevcytosolvcontainvdegradatoryvenzymesvofvthreevtypes
1. Primary,vorvazurophilic,vgranulesvcontainingvenzymesv(e.g.,vlysozyme,v
myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary,vorvspecific,vgranulesvcontainingvsubstancesvsuchvasvlactoferrin.
3. Tertiaryvgranulesvcontainingvsubstancesvsuchvasvcaspases
DIF: CognitivevLevel:vI
10. Thevoriginvofvavconditionvwhenveosinophilsvarevincreasedvinvthevcirculatingvbloodvisvassociatedv
with:
a. fungus
b. parasiticvamoeba
c. allergicvreactions
d. bacteria
ANS:v C
PlusBay.Plus
