Anatomy & Physiology Test Bank Chemistry Basics
Student name:
1) Minerals are organic elements extracted from the soil by plants.
⊚ true
⊚ false
2) Molecules composed of two or more atoms are called compounds.
⊚ true
⊚ false
3) Hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium are three isotopes of hydrogen.
⊚ true
⊚ false
4) Potassium, sodium, and chlorine are trace elements.
⊚ true
⊚ false
5) Ionic bonds break apart in water more easily than covalent bonds do.
⊚ true
⊚ false
6) A solution is a mixture of two or more substances that are physically blended but not
chemically combined.
⊚ true
⊚ false
7) The pH of blood plasma is approximately 7.4, which is slightly acidic.
⊚ true
⊚ false
Version 1 1
,8) The high heat capacity of water makes it a very ineffective coolant.
⊚ true
⊚ false
9) In an exchange reaction, covalent bonds are broken and new covalent bonds are formed.
⊚ true
⊚ false
10) Chemical reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones are called
catabolic reactions.
⊚ true
⊚ false
11) The opposite of a dehydration synthesis reaction is a hydrolysis reaction.
⊚ true
⊚ false
12) Unsaturated fatty acids have as much hydrogen as they can carry.
⊚ true
⊚ false
13) A dipeptide is a molecule with two peptide bonds.
⊚ true
⊚ false
14) All amino acids have both a carboxyl group and an amino group attached to a central carbon.
⊚ true
⊚ false
Version 1 2
,15) ATP is the body's most important form of long-term energy storage.
⊚ true
⊚ false
16) The most abundant element in the human body, by weight, is .
A) nitrogen
B) hydrogen
C) carbon
D) oxygen
E) calcium
17) Sodium has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. Sodium has .
A) 12 neutrons and 11 protons
B) 12 protons and 11 neutrons
C) 12 electrons and 11 neutrons
D) 12 protons and 11 electrons
E) 12 electrons and 11 protons
18) The chemical properties of an atom are determined by its .
A) protons
B) electrons
C) neutrons
D) protons and neutrons
E) particles
19) Na (atomic no. 11) reacts with Cl (atomic no. 17) to become stable. In the reaction, Na
will , while Cl will .
A) accept one electron; give up one electron
B) give up one proton; accept one proton
C) share one electron with chlorine; share one electron with sodium
D) become an anion; become a cation
E) give up one electron; accept one electron
Version 1 3
,20) Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic mass of 16. How many valence electrons
does it have?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
E) 16
21) Oxygen has an atomic number of eight. When two oxygen atoms come together, they form
a(n) bond.
A) hydrogen
B) nonpolar covalent
C) polar covalent
D) ionic
E) Van der Waals
22) When table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), is placed in water .
A) and form ionic bonds with each other
B) and form polar covalent bonds with each other
C) and form hydrogen bonds with water
D) ionic bonds between and are broken
E) and become separated by their Van der Waals forces
23) The bonding properties of an atom are determined by its .
A) electrons
B) protons
C) positrons
D) neutrons
E) photons
Version 1 4
,24) What type of bond attracts one water molecule to another?
A) An ionic bond
B) A peptide bond
C) A hydrogen bond
D) A covalent bond
E) A hydrolytic bond
25) Which of these is a cation?
A)
B) K+
C) Na+
D)
E)
26) account for 98.5% of the body's weight.
A) Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chlorine
B) Carbon, oxygen, iron, sodium, potassium, and chlorine
C) Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chlorine
D) Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sodium, and potassium
E) Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus
27) differ from one another in their number of neutrons and atomic mass.
A) Cations
B) Anions
C) Isotopes
D) Electrolytes
E) Free radicals
Version 1 5
,28) When jumping into water you notice resistance. This resistance is caused by
water's .
A) adhesiveness
B) cohesiveness
C) hydrophobic tension
D) hydrophilic tension
E) osmotic equilibrium
29) Which of these is hydrophobic?
A) Glucose
B)
C)
D) Water
E) Fat
30) Blood contains NaCl, protein, and cells. The NaCl is in a(n) , the protein is in
a(n) , and the cells are in a .
A) emulsion; solution; suspension
B) solvent; emulsion; colloid
C) colloid; suspension; solution
D) suspension; colloid; solution
E) solution; colloid; suspension
31) Which of these is the most appropriate to express the number of molecules per volume?
A) Molarity
B) Volume
C) Percentage
D) Weight per volume
E) Milliequivalents per liter
Version 1 6
,32) A jsolution jwith jpH j4 jhas the concentration jof ja jsolution jwith jpH j8.
A) ½
B) 2 jtimes
C) 4 jtimes
D) 10,000 jtimes
E) 1/10,000
33) Which jof jthese jhas jthe jhighest concentration?
A) Lemon jjuice, jpH j= j2.3
B) Red jwine, jpH j= j3.2
C) Tomato jjuice, jpH j= j4.7
D) Saliva, jpH j= j6.6
E) Household jammonia, jpH j= j10.8
34) In ja jworkout jyour jmuscle jcells jproduce jlactate, jyet jyou jmaintain ja jconstant jblood jpH
jbecause .
A) metabolic jacids jare jneutralized jin jmuscle jcells jbefore jreleased jinto jthe jblood
B) metabolic jbases jare jproduced jat jthe jsame jrate jby jmuscle jcells jto jneutralize jthe jacids
C) the jrespiratory jsystem jremoves jexcess from jthe jblood jbefore jthe jpH jis jlowered
D) the jbody jcontains jchemicals jcalled jbuffers jthat jresist jchanges jin jpH
E) endothelial jcells jsecrete jexcess to jprevent ja jdecrease jin jpH
35) A jsolution jthat jresists ja jchange jin jpH jwhen jan jacid jor jbase jis jadded jto jit jis ja(n) .
A) buffer
B) catalyst
C) reducing jagent
D) oxidizing jagent
E) colloid
Version 1 7
,36) A jchemical jreaction jthat jremoves jelectrons jfrom jan jatom jis jcalled ja(n) reaction.
A) reduction
B) condensation
C) hydrolysis
D) anabolic
E) oxidation
37) The jbreakdown jof jglycogen j(an jenergy-storage jcompound) jis jan jexample jof ja(n)
jreaction.
A) exergonic
B) endergonic
C) exchange
D) synthesis
E) equilibrium
38) The jmost jrelevant jfree jenergy jin jhuman jphysiology jis jthe jenergy jstored jin .
A) electrolytes jionized jin jwater
B) free jradicals jwith jan jodd jnumber jof jelectrons
C) radioisotopes
D) the jchemical jbonds jof jorganic jmolecules
E) Van jder jWaals jforces
39) Potential jenergy jstored jin jbonds jis jreleased jas energy.
A) electromagnetic
B) electrical
C) chemical
D) heat
E) kinetic
Version 1 8
, 40) The jbreakdown jof jglucose jto jyield jcarbon jdioxide, joxygen, jand jATP jcan jbe jdescribed
jas .
A) anabolic jand jendergonic
B) catabolic jand jexergonic
C) anabolic jand jexergonic
D) catabolic jand jendergonic
E) anabolic jand jexothermic
41) Which jone jof jthe jfollowing jwould jnot jincrease jthe jrate jof ja jreaction?
A) An jincrease jin jreactant jconcentrations
B) A jrise jin jtemperature
C) The jpresence jof ja jcatalyst
D) The jpresence jof jan jenzyme
E) A jdecrease jin jreactant jconcentrations
42) Which jof jthe jfollowing jterms jencompasses jall jof jthe jother jones?
A) Catabolism
B) Anabolism
C) Metabolism
D) Oxidation jreactions
E) Reduction jreactions
43) The jbreakdown jof jstarch jby jdigestive jenzymes jinto jglucose jmolecules jis ja(n)
jreaction.
A) synthesis
B) decomposition
C) exchange
D) anabolic
E) reduction
Version 1 9
Student name:
1) Minerals are organic elements extracted from the soil by plants.
⊚ true
⊚ false
2) Molecules composed of two or more atoms are called compounds.
⊚ true
⊚ false
3) Hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium are three isotopes of hydrogen.
⊚ true
⊚ false
4) Potassium, sodium, and chlorine are trace elements.
⊚ true
⊚ false
5) Ionic bonds break apart in water more easily than covalent bonds do.
⊚ true
⊚ false
6) A solution is a mixture of two or more substances that are physically blended but not
chemically combined.
⊚ true
⊚ false
7) The pH of blood plasma is approximately 7.4, which is slightly acidic.
⊚ true
⊚ false
Version 1 1
,8) The high heat capacity of water makes it a very ineffective coolant.
⊚ true
⊚ false
9) In an exchange reaction, covalent bonds are broken and new covalent bonds are formed.
⊚ true
⊚ false
10) Chemical reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones are called
catabolic reactions.
⊚ true
⊚ false
11) The opposite of a dehydration synthesis reaction is a hydrolysis reaction.
⊚ true
⊚ false
12) Unsaturated fatty acids have as much hydrogen as they can carry.
⊚ true
⊚ false
13) A dipeptide is a molecule with two peptide bonds.
⊚ true
⊚ false
14) All amino acids have both a carboxyl group and an amino group attached to a central carbon.
⊚ true
⊚ false
Version 1 2
,15) ATP is the body's most important form of long-term energy storage.
⊚ true
⊚ false
16) The most abundant element in the human body, by weight, is .
A) nitrogen
B) hydrogen
C) carbon
D) oxygen
E) calcium
17) Sodium has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. Sodium has .
A) 12 neutrons and 11 protons
B) 12 protons and 11 neutrons
C) 12 electrons and 11 neutrons
D) 12 protons and 11 electrons
E) 12 electrons and 11 protons
18) The chemical properties of an atom are determined by its .
A) protons
B) electrons
C) neutrons
D) protons and neutrons
E) particles
19) Na (atomic no. 11) reacts with Cl (atomic no. 17) to become stable. In the reaction, Na
will , while Cl will .
A) accept one electron; give up one electron
B) give up one proton; accept one proton
C) share one electron with chlorine; share one electron with sodium
D) become an anion; become a cation
E) give up one electron; accept one electron
Version 1 3
,20) Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic mass of 16. How many valence electrons
does it have?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
E) 16
21) Oxygen has an atomic number of eight. When two oxygen atoms come together, they form
a(n) bond.
A) hydrogen
B) nonpolar covalent
C) polar covalent
D) ionic
E) Van der Waals
22) When table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), is placed in water .
A) and form ionic bonds with each other
B) and form polar covalent bonds with each other
C) and form hydrogen bonds with water
D) ionic bonds between and are broken
E) and become separated by their Van der Waals forces
23) The bonding properties of an atom are determined by its .
A) electrons
B) protons
C) positrons
D) neutrons
E) photons
Version 1 4
,24) What type of bond attracts one water molecule to another?
A) An ionic bond
B) A peptide bond
C) A hydrogen bond
D) A covalent bond
E) A hydrolytic bond
25) Which of these is a cation?
A)
B) K+
C) Na+
D)
E)
26) account for 98.5% of the body's weight.
A) Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chlorine
B) Carbon, oxygen, iron, sodium, potassium, and chlorine
C) Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chlorine
D) Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sodium, and potassium
E) Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus
27) differ from one another in their number of neutrons and atomic mass.
A) Cations
B) Anions
C) Isotopes
D) Electrolytes
E) Free radicals
Version 1 5
,28) When jumping into water you notice resistance. This resistance is caused by
water's .
A) adhesiveness
B) cohesiveness
C) hydrophobic tension
D) hydrophilic tension
E) osmotic equilibrium
29) Which of these is hydrophobic?
A) Glucose
B)
C)
D) Water
E) Fat
30) Blood contains NaCl, protein, and cells. The NaCl is in a(n) , the protein is in
a(n) , and the cells are in a .
A) emulsion; solution; suspension
B) solvent; emulsion; colloid
C) colloid; suspension; solution
D) suspension; colloid; solution
E) solution; colloid; suspension
31) Which of these is the most appropriate to express the number of molecules per volume?
A) Molarity
B) Volume
C) Percentage
D) Weight per volume
E) Milliequivalents per liter
Version 1 6
,32) A jsolution jwith jpH j4 jhas the concentration jof ja jsolution jwith jpH j8.
A) ½
B) 2 jtimes
C) 4 jtimes
D) 10,000 jtimes
E) 1/10,000
33) Which jof jthese jhas jthe jhighest concentration?
A) Lemon jjuice, jpH j= j2.3
B) Red jwine, jpH j= j3.2
C) Tomato jjuice, jpH j= j4.7
D) Saliva, jpH j= j6.6
E) Household jammonia, jpH j= j10.8
34) In ja jworkout jyour jmuscle jcells jproduce jlactate, jyet jyou jmaintain ja jconstant jblood jpH
jbecause .
A) metabolic jacids jare jneutralized jin jmuscle jcells jbefore jreleased jinto jthe jblood
B) metabolic jbases jare jproduced jat jthe jsame jrate jby jmuscle jcells jto jneutralize jthe jacids
C) the jrespiratory jsystem jremoves jexcess from jthe jblood jbefore jthe jpH jis jlowered
D) the jbody jcontains jchemicals jcalled jbuffers jthat jresist jchanges jin jpH
E) endothelial jcells jsecrete jexcess to jprevent ja jdecrease jin jpH
35) A jsolution jthat jresists ja jchange jin jpH jwhen jan jacid jor jbase jis jadded jto jit jis ja(n) .
A) buffer
B) catalyst
C) reducing jagent
D) oxidizing jagent
E) colloid
Version 1 7
,36) A jchemical jreaction jthat jremoves jelectrons jfrom jan jatom jis jcalled ja(n) reaction.
A) reduction
B) condensation
C) hydrolysis
D) anabolic
E) oxidation
37) The jbreakdown jof jglycogen j(an jenergy-storage jcompound) jis jan jexample jof ja(n)
jreaction.
A) exergonic
B) endergonic
C) exchange
D) synthesis
E) equilibrium
38) The jmost jrelevant jfree jenergy jin jhuman jphysiology jis jthe jenergy jstored jin .
A) electrolytes jionized jin jwater
B) free jradicals jwith jan jodd jnumber jof jelectrons
C) radioisotopes
D) the jchemical jbonds jof jorganic jmolecules
E) Van jder jWaals jforces
39) Potential jenergy jstored jin jbonds jis jreleased jas energy.
A) electromagnetic
B) electrical
C) chemical
D) heat
E) kinetic
Version 1 8
, 40) The jbreakdown jof jglucose jto jyield jcarbon jdioxide, joxygen, jand jATP jcan jbe jdescribed
jas .
A) anabolic jand jendergonic
B) catabolic jand jexergonic
C) anabolic jand jexergonic
D) catabolic jand jendergonic
E) anabolic jand jexothermic
41) Which jone jof jthe jfollowing jwould jnot jincrease jthe jrate jof ja jreaction?
A) An jincrease jin jreactant jconcentrations
B) A jrise jin jtemperature
C) The jpresence jof ja jcatalyst
D) The jpresence jof jan jenzyme
E) A jdecrease jin jreactant jconcentrations
42) Which jof jthe jfollowing jterms jencompasses jall jof jthe jother jones?
A) Catabolism
B) Anabolism
C) Metabolism
D) Oxidation jreactions
E) Reduction jreactions
43) The jbreakdown jof jstarch jby jdigestive jenzymes jinto jglucose jmolecules jis ja(n)
jreaction.
A) synthesis
B) decomposition
C) exchange
D) anabolic
E) reduction
Version 1 9
