ISMN 5370 FINAL EXAM
quality - the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements.
Quality: Conformance to requirements - the project's processes and products meet
written specifications
Quality: Fitness to use - A product can be used as it was intended.
Project Quality management - ensures that the project will satisfy the needs for which it
was undertaken.
Project Quality management Processes - 1. Planning quality management 2.
Performing quality assurance 3. Performing quality control
Planning quality management - identifying which quality standards are relevant to the
project and how to satisfy them
Performing quality assurance - Periodically evaluating overall project performance to
ensure the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards
Performing quality control - Monitoring specific project results to ensure that they
comply with the relevant quality standards.
Planning Quality (Important to prevent defects by:) - 1. selecting proper materials 2
training and indoctrinating people in quality 3. planning a process that ensures the
appropriate outcome
Scope Aspects of IT projects - 1. Functionality 2. Features 3. System outputs 4.
Performance 5. Reliability 6. Maintainability
Functionality - the degree to which a system performs its intended function
Features - the system's special characteristics that appeal to users
System outputs - the screens and reports the system generates
Performance - addresses how well a product or service performs the customer's
intended use
Reliability - the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal
conditions
Maintainability - addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product
, Quality assurance - all the activities related to satisfying the relevant quality standards
for a project. Also continuous quality improvement.
Benchmarking - generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project
practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or
outside the performing organization
quality audit - a structured review of specific quality management activities that help
identify lessons learned that could improve performance on current or future projects.
Main outputs to quality control - 1. acceptance decisions 2. Rework 3. process
adjustments
Cause-and-effect diagrams - trace complaints about quality problems back to the
responsible production operations (help you find root cause of problem) Also known as
fishbone or Ishikawa diagrams. Also use 5 "whys"
Control chart - a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over
time. Prevent defects, rather than to detect or reject them.
Seven run rule - states that if seven data points in a row are all below the mean, above
the mean, or are all increasing or decreasing, then the process needs to be examined
for non-random problems.
Checksheet - collect and analyze data
scatter diagram - helps to show if there is a relationship between two variables
histogram - a bar graph of a distribution of variables
pareto chart - a histogram that can help you identify and prioritize problem areas
Pareto analysis - (80-20 rule) meaning that 80 percent of problems are often due to 20
percent of the causes.
Flowcharts - graphic displays of the logic and flow of processes that help you analyze
how problems occur and how processes can be improved
run chart - displays the history and pattern of variation of a process over time
Statistical sampling - choosing part of a population of interest for inspection
Six Sigma - a comprehensive and flexible system for achieving, sustaining, and
maximizing business success. Driven by close understanding of customer needs,
disciplined use of facts, data, and statistical analysis, and diligent attention to managing,
improving, and reinventing business processes. (3.4 defects per million opportunities)
quality - the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements.
Quality: Conformance to requirements - the project's processes and products meet
written specifications
Quality: Fitness to use - A product can be used as it was intended.
Project Quality management - ensures that the project will satisfy the needs for which it
was undertaken.
Project Quality management Processes - 1. Planning quality management 2.
Performing quality assurance 3. Performing quality control
Planning quality management - identifying which quality standards are relevant to the
project and how to satisfy them
Performing quality assurance - Periodically evaluating overall project performance to
ensure the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards
Performing quality control - Monitoring specific project results to ensure that they
comply with the relevant quality standards.
Planning Quality (Important to prevent defects by:) - 1. selecting proper materials 2
training and indoctrinating people in quality 3. planning a process that ensures the
appropriate outcome
Scope Aspects of IT projects - 1. Functionality 2. Features 3. System outputs 4.
Performance 5. Reliability 6. Maintainability
Functionality - the degree to which a system performs its intended function
Features - the system's special characteristics that appeal to users
System outputs - the screens and reports the system generates
Performance - addresses how well a product or service performs the customer's
intended use
Reliability - the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal
conditions
Maintainability - addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product
, Quality assurance - all the activities related to satisfying the relevant quality standards
for a project. Also continuous quality improvement.
Benchmarking - generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project
practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or
outside the performing organization
quality audit - a structured review of specific quality management activities that help
identify lessons learned that could improve performance on current or future projects.
Main outputs to quality control - 1. acceptance decisions 2. Rework 3. process
adjustments
Cause-and-effect diagrams - trace complaints about quality problems back to the
responsible production operations (help you find root cause of problem) Also known as
fishbone or Ishikawa diagrams. Also use 5 "whys"
Control chart - a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over
time. Prevent defects, rather than to detect or reject them.
Seven run rule - states that if seven data points in a row are all below the mean, above
the mean, or are all increasing or decreasing, then the process needs to be examined
for non-random problems.
Checksheet - collect and analyze data
scatter diagram - helps to show if there is a relationship between two variables
histogram - a bar graph of a distribution of variables
pareto chart - a histogram that can help you identify and prioritize problem areas
Pareto analysis - (80-20 rule) meaning that 80 percent of problems are often due to 20
percent of the causes.
Flowcharts - graphic displays of the logic and flow of processes that help you analyze
how problems occur and how processes can be improved
run chart - displays the history and pattern of variation of a process over time
Statistical sampling - choosing part of a population of interest for inspection
Six Sigma - a comprehensive and flexible system for achieving, sustaining, and
maximizing business success. Driven by close understanding of customer needs,
disciplined use of facts, data, and statistical analysis, and diligent attention to managing,
improving, and reinventing business processes. (3.4 defects per million opportunities)
