NU3079 - Nursing MCQ 2025
Questions and Answers
What is a Snellen test? - ✔✔visual acuity test
function of intraocular pressure - ✔✔Maintains shape & function
function of aqueous humor - ✔✔Provides eye with nutrients & maintains pressurized
state
What is glaucoma? - ✔✔irreversible damage to optic nerve caused by increased intra-
ocular pressure
Regular intra-ocular pressure - ✔✔8-21 mmHg
primary open angle glaucoma - ✔✔Chronic
Primary closed angle glaucoma - ✔✔Acute, medical emergency
Causes of glaucoma - ✔✔Congenial, over production of aqueous humor, closure to the
drainage system, trauma to the eye, diabetes, opthalamic surgery, cardiovascular
disease, older age, family hx, myopia
Treatment for chronic glaucoma - ✔✔Miotics (e.g Pilocarpine) eye drops QID
BB (e.g Timolol)
Acetozolamide QID
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Laser Trabeculoplasty
What disease is also known as the silent thief? - ✔✔Glaucoma
What is the leading cause of blindness in the world? - ✔✔cataracts
What is cataracts? - ✔✔Unilateral or bilateral clouding / opacity of the crystalline of the
lens of the eye due to clumping protein
Causes / risk factors of cataracts - ✔✔Idiopathic, UV light exposure, older age,
smoking, poor nutrition, high triglyceride levels, myopia, long term use of
corticosteroids, trauma, diabetes, hypothyroidism, congenital, Down syndrome,
radiation
Can drops or tablets improve cataracts? - ✔✔No
Treatment for cataracts - ✔✔phacoemulsification & aspiration or extracapsular cataract
extraction & IOL insertion
What is conductive hearing loss? - ✔✔Hearing loss / deafness secondary to
abnormality or obstruction
What is sensorineural hearing loss? - ✔✔Hearing loss / deafness secondary to damage
of the inner ear
What drugs are auto toxic? - ✔✔Gentomyocin, vancomyocin, steroids, diuretics
causes of conductive hearing loss - ✔✔Otitis media, perforated tympanic membrane,
build up of wax, forgein body, congenital abnormality, damage to the incus / malleus /
stapes
causes of sensorineural hearing loss - ✔✔High levels of auto toxic drugs, aging,
infection, ischemia
How long do grommets stay in? - ✔✔6-12 months
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Clinical manifestations of an epidermal burn - ✔✔Redness, brisk capillary refill time, 3-
10 days to heal
Clinical manifestations of a superficial dermal burn - ✔✔Epidermis & upper layers of
the dermis destroyed (nerve endings, hair follicle & sweat glands are not damaged),
painful, red, moist, blisters, sensitive to cold air, 10-21 days to heal
Clinical manifestations of a deep dermal burn - ✔✔Epidermis & much of the dermis
involved (nerve endings, hair follicle & sweat glands are damaged), white / waxy
appearance, red / white mottled color, dry appearance, slow capillary refill time, little
to no sensation
Clinical manifestations of a subcutaneous / full thickness burn - ✔✔Black / brown or
white skin, leathery (Escher) surface, non-blanching, no sensation, tendons / muscles
bones can be affected, will cause scarring & contractures
Resuscitation fluids for burns - ✔✔Hartmans
Maintenance fluids for burns - ✔✔0.9% NaCl + 5% dextrose
What is tonsilitis? - ✔✔Inflammation of the tonsils, specifically an infection of the
parenchyma of the palatine tonsils.
Clinical manifestations of tonsillitis - ✔✔Enlarged lymph nodes / cervical
lymphadenopathy (should be bilateral), palatine tonsil inflammation +/- exudate,
difficulty speaking, halitosis, impaired taste & smell, sore throat, cough, lethargy,
pyrexia, otalgia, tonsilar erythema / pus, change in the direction of the uvula from
tonsil enlargement.
What's a centor score used to determine? - ✔✔Severity of tonsillitis
Antibiotic given for bacterial tonsilitis - ✔✔Penicillin or Cephalsporins (for pts with
penicillin allergy)
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, NSAID for tonsiliits - ✔✔Dexamethasone
Criteria for tonsillectomy - ✔✔>7 infections a year or >5 infections for two years in a
row or > 3 infections for three years in a row
What diagnostic investigations rule out a hemmorhagic stroke? - ✔✔CT scan
Clinical manifestations of a mild head injury - ✔✔Headache, dizziness, vomiting,
confusion, incoordination
Clinical manifestations of a moderate head injury - ✔✔Brief loss of consciousness after
injury, 1 brief convulsion, persisting headache, GCS of 13
Clinical manifestations of a severe head injury - ✔✔CSF leak from nose / ears,
prolonged loss of consciousness, GCS <13, seizure activity, signs of raised ICP,
penetrating injury
What is normal ICP? - ✔✔5-15 mmHg
What should the head of bed be elevated to for raised ICP? - ✔✔30-35 degrees
Pharmacological treatment for raised ICP - ✔✔IV Mannitol (to reduce blood viscosity &
promote plasma expansion which increases cerebral O2 deliver)
Barbiturates (to decrease brain metabolism & BP which decreases ICP)
Vasopressors (causes vasoconstriction, reduces BP & ICP)
Anti-convulsants (for pts at risk of seizures)
Normal pupil size - ✔✔2-6mm
Pharmacological treatment for hydrocephalus - ✔✔Mannitol (an osmotic diuretic that
removes water from the brain)
Frusemide (a diuretic to treat fluid build-up)
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
Questions and Answers
What is a Snellen test? - ✔✔visual acuity test
function of intraocular pressure - ✔✔Maintains shape & function
function of aqueous humor - ✔✔Provides eye with nutrients & maintains pressurized
state
What is glaucoma? - ✔✔irreversible damage to optic nerve caused by increased intra-
ocular pressure
Regular intra-ocular pressure - ✔✔8-21 mmHg
primary open angle glaucoma - ✔✔Chronic
Primary closed angle glaucoma - ✔✔Acute, medical emergency
Causes of glaucoma - ✔✔Congenial, over production of aqueous humor, closure to the
drainage system, trauma to the eye, diabetes, opthalamic surgery, cardiovascular
disease, older age, family hx, myopia
Treatment for chronic glaucoma - ✔✔Miotics (e.g Pilocarpine) eye drops QID
BB (e.g Timolol)
Acetozolamide QID
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Laser Trabeculoplasty
What disease is also known as the silent thief? - ✔✔Glaucoma
What is the leading cause of blindness in the world? - ✔✔cataracts
What is cataracts? - ✔✔Unilateral or bilateral clouding / opacity of the crystalline of the
lens of the eye due to clumping protein
Causes / risk factors of cataracts - ✔✔Idiopathic, UV light exposure, older age,
smoking, poor nutrition, high triglyceride levels, myopia, long term use of
corticosteroids, trauma, diabetes, hypothyroidism, congenital, Down syndrome,
radiation
Can drops or tablets improve cataracts? - ✔✔No
Treatment for cataracts - ✔✔phacoemulsification & aspiration or extracapsular cataract
extraction & IOL insertion
What is conductive hearing loss? - ✔✔Hearing loss / deafness secondary to
abnormality or obstruction
What is sensorineural hearing loss? - ✔✔Hearing loss / deafness secondary to damage
of the inner ear
What drugs are auto toxic? - ✔✔Gentomyocin, vancomyocin, steroids, diuretics
causes of conductive hearing loss - ✔✔Otitis media, perforated tympanic membrane,
build up of wax, forgein body, congenital abnormality, damage to the incus / malleus /
stapes
causes of sensorineural hearing loss - ✔✔High levels of auto toxic drugs, aging,
infection, ischemia
How long do grommets stay in? - ✔✔6-12 months
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Clinical manifestations of an epidermal burn - ✔✔Redness, brisk capillary refill time, 3-
10 days to heal
Clinical manifestations of a superficial dermal burn - ✔✔Epidermis & upper layers of
the dermis destroyed (nerve endings, hair follicle & sweat glands are not damaged),
painful, red, moist, blisters, sensitive to cold air, 10-21 days to heal
Clinical manifestations of a deep dermal burn - ✔✔Epidermis & much of the dermis
involved (nerve endings, hair follicle & sweat glands are damaged), white / waxy
appearance, red / white mottled color, dry appearance, slow capillary refill time, little
to no sensation
Clinical manifestations of a subcutaneous / full thickness burn - ✔✔Black / brown or
white skin, leathery (Escher) surface, non-blanching, no sensation, tendons / muscles
bones can be affected, will cause scarring & contractures
Resuscitation fluids for burns - ✔✔Hartmans
Maintenance fluids for burns - ✔✔0.9% NaCl + 5% dextrose
What is tonsilitis? - ✔✔Inflammation of the tonsils, specifically an infection of the
parenchyma of the palatine tonsils.
Clinical manifestations of tonsillitis - ✔✔Enlarged lymph nodes / cervical
lymphadenopathy (should be bilateral), palatine tonsil inflammation +/- exudate,
difficulty speaking, halitosis, impaired taste & smell, sore throat, cough, lethargy,
pyrexia, otalgia, tonsilar erythema / pus, change in the direction of the uvula from
tonsil enlargement.
What's a centor score used to determine? - ✔✔Severity of tonsillitis
Antibiotic given for bacterial tonsilitis - ✔✔Penicillin or Cephalsporins (for pts with
penicillin allergy)
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, NSAID for tonsiliits - ✔✔Dexamethasone
Criteria for tonsillectomy - ✔✔>7 infections a year or >5 infections for two years in a
row or > 3 infections for three years in a row
What diagnostic investigations rule out a hemmorhagic stroke? - ✔✔CT scan
Clinical manifestations of a mild head injury - ✔✔Headache, dizziness, vomiting,
confusion, incoordination
Clinical manifestations of a moderate head injury - ✔✔Brief loss of consciousness after
injury, 1 brief convulsion, persisting headache, GCS of 13
Clinical manifestations of a severe head injury - ✔✔CSF leak from nose / ears,
prolonged loss of consciousness, GCS <13, seizure activity, signs of raised ICP,
penetrating injury
What is normal ICP? - ✔✔5-15 mmHg
What should the head of bed be elevated to for raised ICP? - ✔✔30-35 degrees
Pharmacological treatment for raised ICP - ✔✔IV Mannitol (to reduce blood viscosity &
promote plasma expansion which increases cerebral O2 deliver)
Barbiturates (to decrease brain metabolism & BP which decreases ICP)
Vasopressors (causes vasoconstriction, reduces BP & ICP)
Anti-convulsants (for pts at risk of seizures)
Normal pupil size - ✔✔2-6mm
Pharmacological treatment for hydrocephalus - ✔✔Mannitol (an osmotic diuretic that
removes water from the brain)
Frusemide (a diuretic to treat fluid build-up)
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
