LOMA 311 Chapters 1-9 Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
Constitutions - ✔✔a relatively permanent document or group of documents which set
out the fundamental principles that determine the powers and duties of a jurisdictions
government and the rights of the people of the jurisdiction
Statutes - ✔✔laws enacted by the legislative branch. declare, command, or prohibit
something
Administrative Regulations - ✔✔rules or orders adopted by agencies within the
executive branch
Treaties and International Agreements - ✔✔formal agreements between two or more
countries
Case Law - ✔✔law created by a jurisdiction's courts and found I the courts' written
decisions
Parliamentary Democracies - ✔✔the legislative ranch, usually known as the parliament,
has ultimate authority for making all laws.
US Legislature - ✔✔House of Representatives and Senate
Congress - ✔✔Legislative branch of the federal government
State Legislature - ✔✔legislative branch of the state government
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,US/State Code - ✔✔all of the laws enacted by each legislative body. Further subdivided
into discrete sections that each regulate a specific area. For example, the federal tax laws
are found in a portion referred to as the Internal Revenue Code
State Insurance Code - ✔✔a portion of each state code that is devoted to regulating the
insurance industry in that state
Administrative Agencies - ✔✔responsible for administering specific aspects of the law
Department of Treasury - ✔✔primary responsibility for administering federal banking
and tax laws
Department of Justice - ✔✔responsible for enforcing federal criminal laws, representing
the US in federal cases, and providing legal advice to other federal officials and
departments
Securities and Exchange Commission - ✔✔administers federal laws governing
securities and the investment industry
Office of the Secretary of State - ✔✔responsible for licensing corporations and
businesses
Office of the Attorney General - ✔✔authorized to enforce the state's criminal laws,
represent the state in all legal matters, and provide legal advice to the governor and
other state administrative officials
Regulations - ✔✔rules or orders that are issued by administrative agencies and that
have the same force and effect as statues; explain how to follow the laws
Administrative Law - ✔✔made up by regulations issued by administrative agencies
Administrative Code - ✔✔regulations of each governmental unit are compiled into this
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,State Insurance Department - ✔✔responsible for enforcing the state insurance doe and
ensuring that insurance companies conducting business within the state comply with all
state insurance laws. Is responsible for adopting regulations that fill in the details of the
state insurance code and for enforcing those regulations
Treaty - ✔✔a legally binding agreement entered into by two or more nations, which
agree to abide by the terms of the treaty. Treaties may be referred to by various terms,
including conventions or pacts.
Substantive Laws - ✔✔Types of laws that courts apply to specific cases; laws that create,
define, and regulate legal rights and duties
Procedural Laws - ✔✔define the methods that exist to enforce substantial laws; specify
the types of cases that each court has jurisdiction to hear
Jurisdiction - ✔✔the authority of a court to hear specific cases
Trial Courts - ✔✔often referred to as courts of original jurisdiction, because they are
courts that first hear disputes
Appellate courts - ✔✔authorized to review the decisions of lower courts
Common Law - ✔✔an unwritten body of general principles and rules of law developed
and followed by the courts
Doctrine of Stare Decisis - ✔✔when a court finds that a specific principle of law applies
to a certain set of facts, the court will apply that principle to all future cases in which the
facts are substantially the same
Civil Law Systems - ✔✔legal system based on the Roman legal system in which the
laws are codified into written codes enacted by the legislature:
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Code - ✔✔comprehensive written statement of rules that embody the general principles
of law that apply in a given civil law jurisdiction
Civil Code - ✔✔contains the general principles of law that apply to relationships
between people that arise through birth, adoption, marriage, death, contracts, and
personal liability. Also regulates property rights
Commercial Code - ✔✔regulates commercial transactions and business organizations
Islamic Law System - ✔✔set out in the Koran and the law of the Koran is unchanging.
Legal systems in these countries often have elements of common law systems or civil,
along with this
Customary Law System - ✔✔members of community have accepted local customs as
binding on the community's members. Can range from marriage, divorce, and adoption
to food and construction
District Courts - ✔✔sit in every state and territory and act as trial courts with
jurisdiction to hear only specific types of cases
Circuit court of appeal - ✔✔13, have jurisdiction to hear cases in which the decision of a
district court is appealed by one of the parties
Supreme Court - ✔✔country's highest court; hears only certain appeals from lower
courts and cases involving any of the states or a foreign official, such as an ambassador.
Primarily reviews cases that involve a matter of national importance, such as cases
involving the constitution or cases in which two or more lower courts have reached
different results
US Tax Courts - ✔✔has jurisdiction to hear controversies between taxpayers and the
federal internal revenue service involving the payment of federal taxes
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
Questions and Answers
Constitutions - ✔✔a relatively permanent document or group of documents which set
out the fundamental principles that determine the powers and duties of a jurisdictions
government and the rights of the people of the jurisdiction
Statutes - ✔✔laws enacted by the legislative branch. declare, command, or prohibit
something
Administrative Regulations - ✔✔rules or orders adopted by agencies within the
executive branch
Treaties and International Agreements - ✔✔formal agreements between two or more
countries
Case Law - ✔✔law created by a jurisdiction's courts and found I the courts' written
decisions
Parliamentary Democracies - ✔✔the legislative ranch, usually known as the parliament,
has ultimate authority for making all laws.
US Legislature - ✔✔House of Representatives and Senate
Congress - ✔✔Legislative branch of the federal government
State Legislature - ✔✔legislative branch of the state government
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,US/State Code - ✔✔all of the laws enacted by each legislative body. Further subdivided
into discrete sections that each regulate a specific area. For example, the federal tax laws
are found in a portion referred to as the Internal Revenue Code
State Insurance Code - ✔✔a portion of each state code that is devoted to regulating the
insurance industry in that state
Administrative Agencies - ✔✔responsible for administering specific aspects of the law
Department of Treasury - ✔✔primary responsibility for administering federal banking
and tax laws
Department of Justice - ✔✔responsible for enforcing federal criminal laws, representing
the US in federal cases, and providing legal advice to other federal officials and
departments
Securities and Exchange Commission - ✔✔administers federal laws governing
securities and the investment industry
Office of the Secretary of State - ✔✔responsible for licensing corporations and
businesses
Office of the Attorney General - ✔✔authorized to enforce the state's criminal laws,
represent the state in all legal matters, and provide legal advice to the governor and
other state administrative officials
Regulations - ✔✔rules or orders that are issued by administrative agencies and that
have the same force and effect as statues; explain how to follow the laws
Administrative Law - ✔✔made up by regulations issued by administrative agencies
Administrative Code - ✔✔regulations of each governmental unit are compiled into this
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,State Insurance Department - ✔✔responsible for enforcing the state insurance doe and
ensuring that insurance companies conducting business within the state comply with all
state insurance laws. Is responsible for adopting regulations that fill in the details of the
state insurance code and for enforcing those regulations
Treaty - ✔✔a legally binding agreement entered into by two or more nations, which
agree to abide by the terms of the treaty. Treaties may be referred to by various terms,
including conventions or pacts.
Substantive Laws - ✔✔Types of laws that courts apply to specific cases; laws that create,
define, and regulate legal rights and duties
Procedural Laws - ✔✔define the methods that exist to enforce substantial laws; specify
the types of cases that each court has jurisdiction to hear
Jurisdiction - ✔✔the authority of a court to hear specific cases
Trial Courts - ✔✔often referred to as courts of original jurisdiction, because they are
courts that first hear disputes
Appellate courts - ✔✔authorized to review the decisions of lower courts
Common Law - ✔✔an unwritten body of general principles and rules of law developed
and followed by the courts
Doctrine of Stare Decisis - ✔✔when a court finds that a specific principle of law applies
to a certain set of facts, the court will apply that principle to all future cases in which the
facts are substantially the same
Civil Law Systems - ✔✔legal system based on the Roman legal system in which the
laws are codified into written codes enacted by the legislature:
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Code - ✔✔comprehensive written statement of rules that embody the general principles
of law that apply in a given civil law jurisdiction
Civil Code - ✔✔contains the general principles of law that apply to relationships
between people that arise through birth, adoption, marriage, death, contracts, and
personal liability. Also regulates property rights
Commercial Code - ✔✔regulates commercial transactions and business organizations
Islamic Law System - ✔✔set out in the Koran and the law of the Koran is unchanging.
Legal systems in these countries often have elements of common law systems or civil,
along with this
Customary Law System - ✔✔members of community have accepted local customs as
binding on the community's members. Can range from marriage, divorce, and adoption
to food and construction
District Courts - ✔✔sit in every state and territory and act as trial courts with
jurisdiction to hear only specific types of cases
Circuit court of appeal - ✔✔13, have jurisdiction to hear cases in which the decision of a
district court is appealed by one of the parties
Supreme Court - ✔✔country's highest court; hears only certain appeals from lower
courts and cases involving any of the states or a foreign official, such as an ambassador.
Primarily reviews cases that involve a matter of national importance, such as cases
involving the constitution or cases in which two or more lower courts have reached
different results
US Tax Courts - ✔✔has jurisdiction to hear controversies between taxpayers and the
federal internal revenue service involving the payment of federal taxes
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
