LOMA 311 Exam 2025 Questions
and Answers
Parliamentary democracy - ✔✔Countries in which the legislative barnacle of govt has
ultimate authority for making all laws
Statutues - ✔✔The laws enacted by a legislature, typically that declare, command or
prohibit something
Statutory law - ✔✔Law passed by the U.S. Congress or state legislatures, composed of
legislative enactments
Congress - ✔✔the legislature of the United States government, composed of the Senate
and the House of Representatives
US Code - ✔✔A compilation of all the statutes passed by the U.S. Congress
Office of the Secretary of State - ✔✔A state agency that is responsible for licensing
corporations and businesses
Regulations - ✔✔Rules or orders that are issued by administrative agencies and that
also have the force and effect of law, as long as they do not conflict with the underlying
statute
Treaty - ✔✔A legally binding agreement entered into by two or more nations that agree
to abide by the terms of the agreement
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Case law - ✔✔The written decisions of the courts
Substantive laws - ✔✔laws that create, define, and regulate legal rights and duties
Procedural laws - ✔✔Laws that specify the rules and methods that courts use to enforce
substantive laws
Appellate courts - ✔✔Courts that are authorized to review decisions of lower courts
Common law system - ✔✔A legal system based on the common law of England
Doctrine of state decisis - ✔✔When a court finds that a specific principle of law applies
to a certain set of facts, the court will apply that principle to all future cases in which the
facts are substantially the same. The decision in a prior case is called precedent
Civil law system - ✔✔A legal system based on the Roman legal system in which the
laws are codified into written codes enacted by the legislature
Mixed legal systems - ✔✔Legal systems that contain elements of more than one basic
type of legal system (common law & civil law)
Customary law system - ✔✔Members of a community have accepted local customs as
binding on the community's members
Islamic legal system - ✔✔The law set out in the Koran (or Qur'an), which is unchanging.
These legal systems often have elements of common law systems or civil law systems or
both and the elements of Islamic law
District courts - ✔✔Sit in every state and territory and act as trial courts with
jurisdiction to hear only specific types of cases as set out in the Constitution and various
federal laws
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, thirteen circuit courts of appeal - ✔✔Have jurisdiction to hear cases in which the
decision of a district court within that circuit is appealed by one of the parties involved
in a trial
Supreme Court - ✔✔The country's highest court. It beats only certain appeals from
lower courts and cases involving any of the states or a foreign official, such as an
ambassador
Court of appeal - ✔✔Lower level state appellate court
State Supreme Court - ✔✔Higher level state appellate court
Regtech - ✔✔A type of technology that helps regulators and companies manage
regulatory and compliance activities more effectively and at a reduced cost
civil laws - ✔✔Laws that are concerned with private (nongovernmental) rights and
remedies (ex. Who has the right to life insurance policy proceeds)
Criminal laws - ✔✔Laws that define certain acts as crimes and provide specific
punishments for each crime
Public law - ✔✔Those areas of the law that affect public interest and that govern
relationships b/w the government and nongovernmental parties
Private law - ✔✔Those areas of the law that primarily involve disputes between
nongovernmental parties
Cause of action - ✔✔A set of facts that gives a person the right to judicial relief
Tort - ✔✔A private wrong - other than a breach of contract - for which the law provides
a remedy to the wronged party
Plaintiff - ✔✔The injured party to a judicial proceeding who files papers with the court
Defendant - ✔✔the person against whom a civil or criminal suit is brought in court
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
and Answers
Parliamentary democracy - ✔✔Countries in which the legislative barnacle of govt has
ultimate authority for making all laws
Statutues - ✔✔The laws enacted by a legislature, typically that declare, command or
prohibit something
Statutory law - ✔✔Law passed by the U.S. Congress or state legislatures, composed of
legislative enactments
Congress - ✔✔the legislature of the United States government, composed of the Senate
and the House of Representatives
US Code - ✔✔A compilation of all the statutes passed by the U.S. Congress
Office of the Secretary of State - ✔✔A state agency that is responsible for licensing
corporations and businesses
Regulations - ✔✔Rules or orders that are issued by administrative agencies and that
also have the force and effect of law, as long as they do not conflict with the underlying
statute
Treaty - ✔✔A legally binding agreement entered into by two or more nations that agree
to abide by the terms of the agreement
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Case law - ✔✔The written decisions of the courts
Substantive laws - ✔✔laws that create, define, and regulate legal rights and duties
Procedural laws - ✔✔Laws that specify the rules and methods that courts use to enforce
substantive laws
Appellate courts - ✔✔Courts that are authorized to review decisions of lower courts
Common law system - ✔✔A legal system based on the common law of England
Doctrine of state decisis - ✔✔When a court finds that a specific principle of law applies
to a certain set of facts, the court will apply that principle to all future cases in which the
facts are substantially the same. The decision in a prior case is called precedent
Civil law system - ✔✔A legal system based on the Roman legal system in which the
laws are codified into written codes enacted by the legislature
Mixed legal systems - ✔✔Legal systems that contain elements of more than one basic
type of legal system (common law & civil law)
Customary law system - ✔✔Members of a community have accepted local customs as
binding on the community's members
Islamic legal system - ✔✔The law set out in the Koran (or Qur'an), which is unchanging.
These legal systems often have elements of common law systems or civil law systems or
both and the elements of Islamic law
District courts - ✔✔Sit in every state and territory and act as trial courts with
jurisdiction to hear only specific types of cases as set out in the Constitution and various
federal laws
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, thirteen circuit courts of appeal - ✔✔Have jurisdiction to hear cases in which the
decision of a district court within that circuit is appealed by one of the parties involved
in a trial
Supreme Court - ✔✔The country's highest court. It beats only certain appeals from
lower courts and cases involving any of the states or a foreign official, such as an
ambassador
Court of appeal - ✔✔Lower level state appellate court
State Supreme Court - ✔✔Higher level state appellate court
Regtech - ✔✔A type of technology that helps regulators and companies manage
regulatory and compliance activities more effectively and at a reduced cost
civil laws - ✔✔Laws that are concerned with private (nongovernmental) rights and
remedies (ex. Who has the right to life insurance policy proceeds)
Criminal laws - ✔✔Laws that define certain acts as crimes and provide specific
punishments for each crime
Public law - ✔✔Those areas of the law that affect public interest and that govern
relationships b/w the government and nongovernmental parties
Private law - ✔✔Those areas of the law that primarily involve disputes between
nongovernmental parties
Cause of action - ✔✔A set of facts that gives a person the right to judicial relief
Tort - ✔✔A private wrong - other than a breach of contract - for which the law provides
a remedy to the wronged party
Plaintiff - ✔✔The injured party to a judicial proceeding who files papers with the court
Defendant - ✔✔the person against whom a civil or criminal suit is brought in court
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
