Theoretical Foundations of Nursing
Evolutions of Nursing
1. Definition of Nursing by Florence Nightingale: "the act of utilizing the
environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery"
2. Period of Intuitive Nursing: Nursing was "untaught," executed with the desire to
help others and compassion for people.
3. Period of Contemporary Nursing: Scientific and technological developments
occurred in the 20th Century. Development of baccalaureate and advanced degree
programs, and licensure of nurses started. Training of Nurses in Diploma Program.
4. Period of Educated Nursing: The development of nursing (Nightingale Era,
Crimean/Civil War).
5. Period of Apprentice Nursing: Nursing care was provided by people with no
formal education and who were directed by more experienced nurses. Also known as
the Dark Age of Nursing. Care was done by crusaders, prisoners, religious orders. On
the Job Training Period.
Period of Intuitive Nursing - Key Figures & Concepts
6. Egyptian: Introduced the art of embalming.
7. Caduceus: (Insignia of medicine).
8. Hippocrates: The Father of Scientific Medicine. Rejected the belief that illness is
caused by a supernatural or evil spirit.
9. Chinese: Gave the world knowledge of (Pharmacology) Materia Medica.
10. Babylonia: Code of Hammurabi provided laws that covered every facet of
Babylonian life including medical practice.
11. Rome: Paganism evolved into Christian Philosophy. Motto: "If you are strong,
you are healthy" because illness was regarded as a sign of weakness.
12. Moses: The Father of Sanitation.
13. Code of Hammurabi: Provided laws that covered every facet of Babylonian
life including medical practice.
14. Trephining: The act of drilling a hole in the skull without anesthesia with a
rock or stone.
15. India: Asepsis. Sushurutu (or Sushuruta) made a list of nurse functions and
qualifications, the first reference to nurses caring for patients.
Period of Apprentice Nursing - Key Figures & Concepts
, 16. Care by Crusaders, Prisoners, Religious Orders: Characteristic of this
period.
17. Dark Age of Nursing: Another name for this period.
18. Theodore Fliedner: Established the Kaisers Werth Institute for the training of
Deaconesses in Germany.
Period of Educated Nursing - Key Events & Institutions
19. Nightingale Era: Defining characteristic of this period.
20. Crimean and Civil War: Significant historical events influencing nursing.
21. Nightingale Training Schools of Nurses at St. Tomas Hospital in London:
1st school of nursing that provided both theory-based knowledge and clinical skill-
building.
22. Iloilo Mission Hospital School of Nursing: 1st Hospital in the Philippines
which trained Filipino Nurses.
Period of Contemporary Nursing - Key Developments
23. Training of Nurses in Diploma Program: A hallmark of this period.
24. Development of baccalaureate and advance degree programs: Significant
educational advancements.
25. Licensure of nurses started: Formal regulation of the profession.
Nursing during Philippine Revolution
26. Josephine Bracken: Installed the first hospital in Tejeros, providing nursing
care to the injured day and night.
27. Trinidad Tecson: "Ina ng Biac na Bato."
28. Melchora Aquino: Nursed injured Filipino soldiers and provided them with
shelter and food.
29. Capitan Salome: A revolutionary leader in Nueva Ecija who provided nursing
care to the wounded when not in combat.
30. Rosa Sevilla Alvero: Converted their home into quarters for Filipino soldiers
during the Philippine-American War.
31. Aguenda Kahabagan: A revolutionary leader in Laguna who also provided
nursing care to her troops.
32. Doña Maria Agoncillo de Aguinaldo: President of the Filipino Red Cross in
Batangas, second wife of Emilio Aguinaldo.
Evolutions of Nursing
1. Definition of Nursing by Florence Nightingale: "the act of utilizing the
environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery"
2. Period of Intuitive Nursing: Nursing was "untaught," executed with the desire to
help others and compassion for people.
3. Period of Contemporary Nursing: Scientific and technological developments
occurred in the 20th Century. Development of baccalaureate and advanced degree
programs, and licensure of nurses started. Training of Nurses in Diploma Program.
4. Period of Educated Nursing: The development of nursing (Nightingale Era,
Crimean/Civil War).
5. Period of Apprentice Nursing: Nursing care was provided by people with no
formal education and who were directed by more experienced nurses. Also known as
the Dark Age of Nursing. Care was done by crusaders, prisoners, religious orders. On
the Job Training Period.
Period of Intuitive Nursing - Key Figures & Concepts
6. Egyptian: Introduced the art of embalming.
7. Caduceus: (Insignia of medicine).
8. Hippocrates: The Father of Scientific Medicine. Rejected the belief that illness is
caused by a supernatural or evil spirit.
9. Chinese: Gave the world knowledge of (Pharmacology) Materia Medica.
10. Babylonia: Code of Hammurabi provided laws that covered every facet of
Babylonian life including medical practice.
11. Rome: Paganism evolved into Christian Philosophy. Motto: "If you are strong,
you are healthy" because illness was regarded as a sign of weakness.
12. Moses: The Father of Sanitation.
13. Code of Hammurabi: Provided laws that covered every facet of Babylonian
life including medical practice.
14. Trephining: The act of drilling a hole in the skull without anesthesia with a
rock or stone.
15. India: Asepsis. Sushurutu (or Sushuruta) made a list of nurse functions and
qualifications, the first reference to nurses caring for patients.
Period of Apprentice Nursing - Key Figures & Concepts
, 16. Care by Crusaders, Prisoners, Religious Orders: Characteristic of this
period.
17. Dark Age of Nursing: Another name for this period.
18. Theodore Fliedner: Established the Kaisers Werth Institute for the training of
Deaconesses in Germany.
Period of Educated Nursing - Key Events & Institutions
19. Nightingale Era: Defining characteristic of this period.
20. Crimean and Civil War: Significant historical events influencing nursing.
21. Nightingale Training Schools of Nurses at St. Tomas Hospital in London:
1st school of nursing that provided both theory-based knowledge and clinical skill-
building.
22. Iloilo Mission Hospital School of Nursing: 1st Hospital in the Philippines
which trained Filipino Nurses.
Period of Contemporary Nursing - Key Developments
23. Training of Nurses in Diploma Program: A hallmark of this period.
24. Development of baccalaureate and advance degree programs: Significant
educational advancements.
25. Licensure of nurses started: Formal regulation of the profession.
Nursing during Philippine Revolution
26. Josephine Bracken: Installed the first hospital in Tejeros, providing nursing
care to the injured day and night.
27. Trinidad Tecson: "Ina ng Biac na Bato."
28. Melchora Aquino: Nursed injured Filipino soldiers and provided them with
shelter and food.
29. Capitan Salome: A revolutionary leader in Nueva Ecija who provided nursing
care to the wounded when not in combat.
30. Rosa Sevilla Alvero: Converted their home into quarters for Filipino soldiers
during the Philippine-American War.
31. Aguenda Kahabagan: A revolutionary leader in Laguna who also provided
nursing care to her troops.
32. Doña Maria Agoncillo de Aguinaldo: President of the Filipino Red Cross in
Batangas, second wife of Emilio Aguinaldo.
