Nursing 220 Midterm Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
Chain of infection - ✔✔1. Infectious agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of exit
4. Mode of transmission
5. Portal of entry
6. Host
Nosocomial infection - ✔✔Hospital acquired infection. Influenced by therapy received,
length of stay, type and number of procedures, and direct contact. Common sites
inlcude: wounds, urinary tract, respirator tract, or blood stream.
Asepsis - ✔✔Absence of pathogenic disease producing microorganisms (medical or
surgical).
Medical asepsis - ✔✔Reduce and prevent spread of microorganisms (clean).
Surgical asepsis - ✔✔Eliminate all microorganisms. Contaminated when touched with
anything non-sterile (sterile).
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,Tool for assessing simple wounds - ✔✔Redness, Ecchymosis, Edema, Drainage,
Approximation (REEDA).
Types of drainage - ✔✔Serous: clear, watery plasma.
Purulent: thick, green, yellow, brown, often odorous and indicates infection.
Serosanguineous: pale, red, watery, mixed fluid.
Sanguineous: bright red, indicates active bleeding.
Wound cleansing - ✔✔Least to most contaminated (incision outwards), gentle friction,
one swipe per gauze.
Factors affecting wound healing - ✔✔-Nutrition
-Lifespan
-Lifestyle
-Medications
-Infection
Documentation for dressing change - ✔✔-What you took off
-REEDA
-What you put on
-Pain assessment pre, intra, post
Analgesics - ✔✔1. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
2. opioids
3. co-analgesics (adjuvants)
Patient controlled analgesic - ✔✔-Local anaesthetic infusion pump.
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, -Topical analgesic and anaesthetic
-Sucrose (infants)
Local anaesthesia - ✔✔Creates loss and sensation to a localized body part.
Regional anaesthesia - ✔✔Used for deeper structures of the body as it blocks a group of
sensory nerve fibers.
Epidural anesthesia - ✔✔Controls pain without the serious side effects of narcotics.
Stages of pressure ulcers - ✔✔Stage 1: only the epidermis affected.
Stage 2: invades the dermis.
Stage 3: invades the subcutaneous tissue layer.
Stage 4: invades the connective tissue.
Unstageable: cannot stage because of lack of visibility.
Risk factors for pressure ulcers - ✔✔-Impaired senses
-Impaired mobility
-Alteration in LOC
-Shear
-Friction
-Moisture
-Nutrition
-Tissue perfusion
-Infection
-Pain
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
Questions and Answers
Chain of infection - ✔✔1. Infectious agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of exit
4. Mode of transmission
5. Portal of entry
6. Host
Nosocomial infection - ✔✔Hospital acquired infection. Influenced by therapy received,
length of stay, type and number of procedures, and direct contact. Common sites
inlcude: wounds, urinary tract, respirator tract, or blood stream.
Asepsis - ✔✔Absence of pathogenic disease producing microorganisms (medical or
surgical).
Medical asepsis - ✔✔Reduce and prevent spread of microorganisms (clean).
Surgical asepsis - ✔✔Eliminate all microorganisms. Contaminated when touched with
anything non-sterile (sterile).
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Tool for assessing simple wounds - ✔✔Redness, Ecchymosis, Edema, Drainage,
Approximation (REEDA).
Types of drainage - ✔✔Serous: clear, watery plasma.
Purulent: thick, green, yellow, brown, often odorous and indicates infection.
Serosanguineous: pale, red, watery, mixed fluid.
Sanguineous: bright red, indicates active bleeding.
Wound cleansing - ✔✔Least to most contaminated (incision outwards), gentle friction,
one swipe per gauze.
Factors affecting wound healing - ✔✔-Nutrition
-Lifespan
-Lifestyle
-Medications
-Infection
Documentation for dressing change - ✔✔-What you took off
-REEDA
-What you put on
-Pain assessment pre, intra, post
Analgesics - ✔✔1. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
2. opioids
3. co-analgesics (adjuvants)
Patient controlled analgesic - ✔✔-Local anaesthetic infusion pump.
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, -Topical analgesic and anaesthetic
-Sucrose (infants)
Local anaesthesia - ✔✔Creates loss and sensation to a localized body part.
Regional anaesthesia - ✔✔Used for deeper structures of the body as it blocks a group of
sensory nerve fibers.
Epidural anesthesia - ✔✔Controls pain without the serious side effects of narcotics.
Stages of pressure ulcers - ✔✔Stage 1: only the epidermis affected.
Stage 2: invades the dermis.
Stage 3: invades the subcutaneous tissue layer.
Stage 4: invades the connective tissue.
Unstageable: cannot stage because of lack of visibility.
Risk factors for pressure ulcers - ✔✔-Impaired senses
-Impaired mobility
-Alteration in LOC
-Shear
-Friction
-Moisture
-Nutrition
-Tissue perfusion
-Infection
-Pain
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
