NU 220 Midterm Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
6 phases of the nursing process - ✔✔Assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification,
planning, implementation, evaluation
Diagnostic reasoning - ✔✔Analyzing health data and drawing conclusions to identify
diagnoses
Subjective data - ✔✔What the patient says about him or herself
Objective data - ✔✔What the health professional observes during assessment
Database - ✔✔Subjective and objective data + patient's record and laboratory studies
First level priority problems - ✔✔Emergent, life threatening, immediate (ex. airway,
breathing)
Second level priority problems - ✔✔Next in urgency, prompt intervention to prevent
deterioration (ex. acute pain, mental status change)
Third level priority problems - ✔✔Important to health but can be addressed after, more
long term solutions. Implementation takes time.
Collaborative problems - ✔✔Approach to treatment requires multiple disciplines
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Evidence based practice (EBP) - ✔✔A systematic approach to practice that emphasizes
the use of best evidence in combination with the clinician's experience, as well as the
patient preferences and values, to make decisions about care and treatment
Complete/total health database - ✔✔Total health data base: complete health history
and full physical exam. Current and past health states form a baseline
Focused/problem-centered database - ✔✔For a limited or short-term problem. "Mini
database"- smaller in scope, more targeted. Concerns mainly one problem/body
system. Used in all settings
Follow-up database - ✔✔Focuses on the status of identified problems. Evaluated at
regular and appropriate intervals. Used in all settings.
Emergency database - ✔✔Urgent, rapid collection of crucial information. Compiled
concurrently with lifesaving measures. ABCs evaluated simultaneously. A complete
database can be compiled once pt is stable.
Preventative health measures - ✔✔Screening history, physical examination, counseling,
depression screening, chemoprophylaxis (i.e. multivitamins)
What has the greatest influence on health status? - ✔✔Poverty
Healthy People 2020 - ✔✔Goals to eliminate health disparities
Acculturation - ✔✔Social and psychological exchanges with ongoing encounters
between individuals of different cultures
Acculturative stress - ✔✔Losses and changes that occur when integrating a new system
of beliefs, routines, and social roles
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Biomedical theory of illness - ✔✔All events have a cause and effect, the body functions
mechanically. All live can be divided into smaller parts. All realty can be observed and
measured. Germ theory
Naturalistic theory of illness - ✔✔Human life is only one part of the general order of the
cosmos. Forces of nature must be kept in natural balance/harmony
Magicoreligious theory of illness - ✔✔The world is an arena in which supernatural
forces dominate. The fate of the world and those in it depents on the action of
supernatural forces (good and evil)
Culturally sensitive - ✔✔Caregivers possess some basic knowledge and constructive
attitude towards diverse cultures in their practice setting
Culturally appropriate - ✔✔Caregivers apply underlying background knowledge to
provide the best possible care
Culturally competent - ✔✔Caregivers understand and attend to the total context of the
individual's situation
Heritage assessment tool - ✔✔1. Do you mostly participate in social activities with
members of your family?
2. Do you mostly have friends from a similar cultural background as you?
3. Do you mostly eat foods of your family's tradition?
4.Do you mostly participate in the religious traditions of your family?
2-4 yes= high traditional heritage
Terms of interview contract - ✔✔-Time and place
-Introduction of yourself/your role
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, -Purpose of the interview
-How long it will take
-Expectation of participation
-Presence of other people
-Confidentiality (extent)
-Any costs to client
Internal factors - ✔✔Factors specific to the interviewer. 4 factors: liking others, empathy,
ability to listen, self-awareness
External factors - ✔✔The physical setting. Ensure comfort and privacy. 4 to 5 feet of
personal space and equal-status seating
Challenges of note-taking - ✔✔-Breaks eye contact
-Shifts attention away --> diminished importance
-Cause change in tempo
-Impedes observation of nonverbal behavior
-Threatening during sensitive issues
Open-ended questions - ✔✔Asks for narrative information, only discuss generally,
unbiased
Closed/direct questions - ✔✔Ask for specific information. Short answer. Helps elicit
specific info, fill any details. Speeds up interview. Only ask 1 question at a time
10 traps of interviewing - ✔✔1. Providing false assurance/reassurance
2. Giving unwanted advice
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
Questions and Answers
6 phases of the nursing process - ✔✔Assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification,
planning, implementation, evaluation
Diagnostic reasoning - ✔✔Analyzing health data and drawing conclusions to identify
diagnoses
Subjective data - ✔✔What the patient says about him or herself
Objective data - ✔✔What the health professional observes during assessment
Database - ✔✔Subjective and objective data + patient's record and laboratory studies
First level priority problems - ✔✔Emergent, life threatening, immediate (ex. airway,
breathing)
Second level priority problems - ✔✔Next in urgency, prompt intervention to prevent
deterioration (ex. acute pain, mental status change)
Third level priority problems - ✔✔Important to health but can be addressed after, more
long term solutions. Implementation takes time.
Collaborative problems - ✔✔Approach to treatment requires multiple disciplines
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Evidence based practice (EBP) - ✔✔A systematic approach to practice that emphasizes
the use of best evidence in combination with the clinician's experience, as well as the
patient preferences and values, to make decisions about care and treatment
Complete/total health database - ✔✔Total health data base: complete health history
and full physical exam. Current and past health states form a baseline
Focused/problem-centered database - ✔✔For a limited or short-term problem. "Mini
database"- smaller in scope, more targeted. Concerns mainly one problem/body
system. Used in all settings
Follow-up database - ✔✔Focuses on the status of identified problems. Evaluated at
regular and appropriate intervals. Used in all settings.
Emergency database - ✔✔Urgent, rapid collection of crucial information. Compiled
concurrently with lifesaving measures. ABCs evaluated simultaneously. A complete
database can be compiled once pt is stable.
Preventative health measures - ✔✔Screening history, physical examination, counseling,
depression screening, chemoprophylaxis (i.e. multivitamins)
What has the greatest influence on health status? - ✔✔Poverty
Healthy People 2020 - ✔✔Goals to eliminate health disparities
Acculturation - ✔✔Social and psychological exchanges with ongoing encounters
between individuals of different cultures
Acculturative stress - ✔✔Losses and changes that occur when integrating a new system
of beliefs, routines, and social roles
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Biomedical theory of illness - ✔✔All events have a cause and effect, the body functions
mechanically. All live can be divided into smaller parts. All realty can be observed and
measured. Germ theory
Naturalistic theory of illness - ✔✔Human life is only one part of the general order of the
cosmos. Forces of nature must be kept in natural balance/harmony
Magicoreligious theory of illness - ✔✔The world is an arena in which supernatural
forces dominate. The fate of the world and those in it depents on the action of
supernatural forces (good and evil)
Culturally sensitive - ✔✔Caregivers possess some basic knowledge and constructive
attitude towards diverse cultures in their practice setting
Culturally appropriate - ✔✔Caregivers apply underlying background knowledge to
provide the best possible care
Culturally competent - ✔✔Caregivers understand and attend to the total context of the
individual's situation
Heritage assessment tool - ✔✔1. Do you mostly participate in social activities with
members of your family?
2. Do you mostly have friends from a similar cultural background as you?
3. Do you mostly eat foods of your family's tradition?
4.Do you mostly participate in the religious traditions of your family?
2-4 yes= high traditional heritage
Terms of interview contract - ✔✔-Time and place
-Introduction of yourself/your role
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, -Purpose of the interview
-How long it will take
-Expectation of participation
-Presence of other people
-Confidentiality (extent)
-Any costs to client
Internal factors - ✔✔Factors specific to the interviewer. 4 factors: liking others, empathy,
ability to listen, self-awareness
External factors - ✔✔The physical setting. Ensure comfort and privacy. 4 to 5 feet of
personal space and equal-status seating
Challenges of note-taking - ✔✔-Breaks eye contact
-Shifts attention away --> diminished importance
-Cause change in tempo
-Impedes observation of nonverbal behavior
-Threatening during sensitive issues
Open-ended questions - ✔✔Asks for narrative information, only discuss generally,
unbiased
Closed/direct questions - ✔✔Ask for specific information. Short answer. Helps elicit
specific info, fill any details. Speeds up interview. Only ask 1 question at a time
10 traps of interviewing - ✔✔1. Providing false assurance/reassurance
2. Giving unwanted advice
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
