HESI Case Study - Breast Cancer Questions and Answers Latest Version Already Passed

HESI Case Study - Breast Cancer Questions and Answers Latest Version Already Passed What is the primary function of the breast tissue? The primary function of breast tissue is to produce and secrete milk to nourish newborns, particularly through lactation. What is the significance of early detection in breast cancer? Early detection allows for a higher chance of successful treatment, reduces the risk of metastasis, and generally leads to better outcomes for the patient. What are common risk factors for breast cancer? Common risk factors include age, family history of breast cancer, inherited genetic mutations (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2), hormonal factors (like early menstruation or late menopause), and lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption. What is the role of mammography in the early detection of breast cancer? Mammography is an imaging technique that helps detect early signs of breast cancer, such as abnormal growths or calcifications, often before a lump can be felt. 2 How does the lymphatic system relate to breast cancer? The lymphatic system plays a role in breast cancer because cancer cells can spread from the breast to nearby lymph nodes, which can indicate if the cancer has metastasized. What is the TNM staging system used for in breast cancer? The TNM staging system is used to describe the extent of cancer based on the size of the tumor (T), the extent of regional lymph node involvement (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). What is a lumpectomy, and when is it performed? A lumpectomy is a surgical procedure in which a tumor is removed from the breast, often with surrounding tissue, but leaving the rest of the breast intact. It is typically performed when the cancer is localized and the breast can be conserved. What is the importance of hormone receptor status in breast cancer? The hormone receptor status (whether the cancer cells have receptors for estrogen or progesterone) is important because it helps determine the treatment options, including hormonal therapy that may block hormone receptors. 3 What is a mastectomy, and why might it be performed? A mastectomy is the removal of the entire breast and may be performed when breast cancer is extensive, recurrent, or when the patient prefers to remove the breast to reduce cancer risk. What are the potential side effects of chemotherapy for breast cancer? Potential side effects of chemotherapy include nausea, fatigue, hair loss, anemia, increased risk of infection, and changes in fertility. What is the role of radiation therapy in treating breast cancer? Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells and is often used after surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence or shrink a tumor before surgery. What are some emotional and psychological effects of a breast cancer diagnosis? Emotional and psychological effects can include anxiety, depression, fear of recurrence, body image concerns, and difficulties with relationships due to the physical and emotional impact of the disease. What is the significance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing in breast cancer? 4 BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing identifies mutations that increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers. A positive result may influence treatment decisions and the choice of preventive measures, such as prophylactic surgery. What is the role of targeted therapy in breast cancer treatment? Targeted therapy involves drugs that specifically target cancer cells while sparing normal cells, often by blocking molecules involved