NUR 232 -HONDROS CONCEPTS OF PEDIATRIC
NURSING FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025
A 6 yr old girl has started to bed wet and suck her thumb. Her school performance is down, she takes 6
showers/day and has had several recent UTIs. Based on this, what might the nurse suspect?
a) victim of sexual abuse
b) school phobia
c) trying to gain attention
d) ADHD
a) victim of sexual abuse
What is the number one factor in a child's life that makes them more likely to commit violence against
others?
a) poor self esteem
b) watching too much TV
c) birth of a sibling
d) divorced parents
a) poor self esteem
*bullies are aggressive, impulsive, and dominate others. they can be socially isolated and anxious
It would be appropriate for the nurse to suspect child abuse and gather more information if the
following were observed?
a) child promptly brought to ED after injury
b) family is poor
,c) fracture in a 20 mos old
d) injuries consistent w development and hx
c) fracture in a 20 mos old
*nurse should be very alert to child w fracture esp if <2 yrs; do a skeletal survey to assess head to toe for
old fractures
What are the normal HR ranges for each age?
-newborn HR is: [100-170]
-infant to 2 yrs: [80-130]
-2 to 6 yrs: [70-120]
-6 to 10 yrs: [70-110]
-10 to 16 yrs: [60-100]
What are the normal RR for each of each age?
-Newborn: [30-55]
-1 yrs: [25-40]
-3 yrs: [20-30]
-6 yrs: [16-22]
-10 yrs: [16-20]
-17 yrs: [12-20]
What are example(s) of heart defects that increase pulmonary blood flow?
-Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
,-Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
-Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
What are example(s) of heart defects that decrease pulmonary blood flow?
-Pulmonic Stenosis (PS)
-Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
What are example(s) of heart defects that are mixed defects?
-Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)
What are example(s) of heart defects that obstruct systemic blood flow?
-Coarctation of the Aorta (COA)
ASD is the opening between the atrium, and the hole varies in size. What will occur w each size and
what is the treatment?
-Small to moderate may be asymptomatic >>>spontaneously close on own
-Large is symptomatic & CHF
>>>septal occlude; or surgery w heart cath
, Why might an infant undiagnosed w ASD?
May not note this type of defect right at birth bc the size can be very small causing no symptoms
*may also spontaneously close on own; so monitor and make sure don't acquire s/s of CHF
VSD is the opening between the ventricles, and the hole varies in size. What will occur w each size and
what is the treatment?
-Small may be asymptomatic
>>>spontaneously close
-moderate to large is symptomatic & CHF
>>>surgical closure; or cardiac cath
PDA is when the ductus arteriosus between the pulmonary artery and aorta stays open. What will occur
and what is the treatment?
-Symptomatic PLUS dyspnea, tachypnea, widened pulse pressure, full bounding pulses
>>>transcatheter closure w obstructive device; or meds like Indomethacin or ibuprofen if premature
A mother delivers at 40 weeks to an infant that has dyspnea, tachypnea, widened pulse pressure, and
full bounding pulses. The physician accounts this to PDA. The family wants to know what treatment may
be provided?
a) wait to see if it spontaneously closes on its own
b) cardiac cath
c) Indomethacin
d) transcatheter closure w obstructive device
NURSING FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025
A 6 yr old girl has started to bed wet and suck her thumb. Her school performance is down, she takes 6
showers/day and has had several recent UTIs. Based on this, what might the nurse suspect?
a) victim of sexual abuse
b) school phobia
c) trying to gain attention
d) ADHD
a) victim of sexual abuse
What is the number one factor in a child's life that makes them more likely to commit violence against
others?
a) poor self esteem
b) watching too much TV
c) birth of a sibling
d) divorced parents
a) poor self esteem
*bullies are aggressive, impulsive, and dominate others. they can be socially isolated and anxious
It would be appropriate for the nurse to suspect child abuse and gather more information if the
following were observed?
a) child promptly brought to ED after injury
b) family is poor
,c) fracture in a 20 mos old
d) injuries consistent w development and hx
c) fracture in a 20 mos old
*nurse should be very alert to child w fracture esp if <2 yrs; do a skeletal survey to assess head to toe for
old fractures
What are the normal HR ranges for each age?
-newborn HR is: [100-170]
-infant to 2 yrs: [80-130]
-2 to 6 yrs: [70-120]
-6 to 10 yrs: [70-110]
-10 to 16 yrs: [60-100]
What are the normal RR for each of each age?
-Newborn: [30-55]
-1 yrs: [25-40]
-3 yrs: [20-30]
-6 yrs: [16-22]
-10 yrs: [16-20]
-17 yrs: [12-20]
What are example(s) of heart defects that increase pulmonary blood flow?
-Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
,-Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
-Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
What are example(s) of heart defects that decrease pulmonary blood flow?
-Pulmonic Stenosis (PS)
-Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
What are example(s) of heart defects that are mixed defects?
-Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)
What are example(s) of heart defects that obstruct systemic blood flow?
-Coarctation of the Aorta (COA)
ASD is the opening between the atrium, and the hole varies in size. What will occur w each size and
what is the treatment?
-Small to moderate may be asymptomatic >>>spontaneously close on own
-Large is symptomatic & CHF
>>>septal occlude; or surgery w heart cath
, Why might an infant undiagnosed w ASD?
May not note this type of defect right at birth bc the size can be very small causing no symptoms
*may also spontaneously close on own; so monitor and make sure don't acquire s/s of CHF
VSD is the opening between the ventricles, and the hole varies in size. What will occur w each size and
what is the treatment?
-Small may be asymptomatic
>>>spontaneously close
-moderate to large is symptomatic & CHF
>>>surgical closure; or cardiac cath
PDA is when the ductus arteriosus between the pulmonary artery and aorta stays open. What will occur
and what is the treatment?
-Symptomatic PLUS dyspnea, tachypnea, widened pulse pressure, full bounding pulses
>>>transcatheter closure w obstructive device; or meds like Indomethacin or ibuprofen if premature
A mother delivers at 40 weeks to an infant that has dyspnea, tachypnea, widened pulse pressure, and
full bounding pulses. The physician accounts this to PDA. The family wants to know what treatment may
be provided?
a) wait to see if it spontaneously closes on its own
b) cardiac cath
c) Indomethacin
d) transcatheter closure w obstructive device
