FRESENIUS PCT TEST FINAL EXAM 2025 COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED A+
characteristics of chronic kidney disease (CKD) - (ANSWER)-develops slowly
-progresses over time
-permanent/irreversible
-main causes of CKD include diabetes (#1 cause), and hypertension
characteristics of acute kidney injury (AKI) - (ANSWER)-sudden onset
-possible recovery timeframe of 180 days
-can be reversed
-main causes of AKI include accident/trauma, infection (COVID, sepsis), and toxins
what eGFR requires dialysis? - (ANSWER)eGFR of less than 15
what are the main functions of the kidney? - (ANSWER)-produce hormones (EPO, vitamin D)
-filter waste and toxins (urea, creatinine)
-maintain fluid and electrolyte balance (K+, Na+, Ca+)
what are some symptoms of renal failure? - (ANSWER)-fatigue
-poor appetite
-SOB
-change in urination
-difficulty concentrating
parts of the urinary system include - (ANSWER)kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
,FRESENIUS PCT TEST FINAL EXAM 2025 COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED A+
treatment options for patients with CKD or AKI include - (ANSWER)1. incenter hemodialysis
2. home dialysis
3. peritoneal dialysis
4. renal transplant
5. palliative care
what vessel pulls blood? - (ANSWER)arterial
what vessel returns/gives blood? - (ANSWER)venous
blood is _______, and dialysate is ________ - (ANSWER)sterile, clean
types of vascular accesses - (ANSWER)-arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
-arteriovenous graft (AVG)
-central venous catheter (CVC)
characteristics of an AVF - (ANSWER)-surgical connection between an artery and vein
-"gold standard" access
-can be created within the wrist, arm, forearm, and thigh
-6-12 week maturity period before 1st cannulation
-no risk of allergic reaction, lowest rate of infection/complication
-long lifespan
the surgical connection between the vessels of a fistula is called - (ANSWER)anastomosis
, FRESENIUS PCT TEST FINAL EXAM 2025 COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED A+
characteristics of an AVG - (ANSWER)-synthetic, biosimilar tube placed in the body
-typically placed in the forearm, upper arm, thigh, necklace
-doesn't take long to mature
-can wear out over time
-higher risk of thrombosis*
-elevated risk of allergic reaction
-can be used 24 hours after placement (with sterile technique)
-can be cannulated with a 16g needle after 4 weeks
characteristics of central venous catheter - (ANSWER)-access that includes a tube being placed into a
central vein
-typically placed in the jugular, subclavian, or femoral veins
-high rate of infection
-highest rate of morbidity/mortality of ALL accesses
how long should you wash your hands with soap and water for? - (ANSWER)40-60 seconds
how long should you rub your hands with alcohol based rub for? - (ANSWER)20-30 seconds
PPE requirements when on the treatment floor - (ANSWER)-gown
-face shield/protective eyewear
-mask
-gloves
VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED A+
characteristics of chronic kidney disease (CKD) - (ANSWER)-develops slowly
-progresses over time
-permanent/irreversible
-main causes of CKD include diabetes (#1 cause), and hypertension
characteristics of acute kidney injury (AKI) - (ANSWER)-sudden onset
-possible recovery timeframe of 180 days
-can be reversed
-main causes of AKI include accident/trauma, infection (COVID, sepsis), and toxins
what eGFR requires dialysis? - (ANSWER)eGFR of less than 15
what are the main functions of the kidney? - (ANSWER)-produce hormones (EPO, vitamin D)
-filter waste and toxins (urea, creatinine)
-maintain fluid and electrolyte balance (K+, Na+, Ca+)
what are some symptoms of renal failure? - (ANSWER)-fatigue
-poor appetite
-SOB
-change in urination
-difficulty concentrating
parts of the urinary system include - (ANSWER)kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
,FRESENIUS PCT TEST FINAL EXAM 2025 COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED A+
treatment options for patients with CKD or AKI include - (ANSWER)1. incenter hemodialysis
2. home dialysis
3. peritoneal dialysis
4. renal transplant
5. palliative care
what vessel pulls blood? - (ANSWER)arterial
what vessel returns/gives blood? - (ANSWER)venous
blood is _______, and dialysate is ________ - (ANSWER)sterile, clean
types of vascular accesses - (ANSWER)-arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
-arteriovenous graft (AVG)
-central venous catheter (CVC)
characteristics of an AVF - (ANSWER)-surgical connection between an artery and vein
-"gold standard" access
-can be created within the wrist, arm, forearm, and thigh
-6-12 week maturity period before 1st cannulation
-no risk of allergic reaction, lowest rate of infection/complication
-long lifespan
the surgical connection between the vessels of a fistula is called - (ANSWER)anastomosis
, FRESENIUS PCT TEST FINAL EXAM 2025 COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED A+
characteristics of an AVG - (ANSWER)-synthetic, biosimilar tube placed in the body
-typically placed in the forearm, upper arm, thigh, necklace
-doesn't take long to mature
-can wear out over time
-higher risk of thrombosis*
-elevated risk of allergic reaction
-can be used 24 hours after placement (with sterile technique)
-can be cannulated with a 16g needle after 4 weeks
characteristics of central venous catheter - (ANSWER)-access that includes a tube being placed into a
central vein
-typically placed in the jugular, subclavian, or femoral veins
-high rate of infection
-highest rate of morbidity/mortality of ALL accesses
how long should you wash your hands with soap and water for? - (ANSWER)40-60 seconds
how long should you rub your hands with alcohol based rub for? - (ANSWER)20-30 seconds
PPE requirements when on the treatment floor - (ANSWER)-gown
-face shield/protective eyewear
-mask
-gloves
