FISDAP Airway Exam Questions with Answers 2023
From the atmosphere, what structures does air pass through during ventilation? - ans -
Starts in atmosphere, then nose, nasopharyngeal space/orophargyneal space (if mouth
breather), then pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
What is the purpose of the nasal passages and nasopharynx? - ans -To warm/humidify
air as it passes through
What is dead space? What structures are considered part of dead space? - ans -Part of
respiratory system not involved in active respiration. Air moves through here but little to
no respiration occurs. Mouth, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles considered dead space
What is minute volume? What does it measure? - ans -Minute volume = RR x tidal
volume. Volume of air moving through lungs in 1 minute. Can be estimated quickly.
Count RR rate. If normal check to see chest rise and fall (tidal volume). If chest rise and
fall is weak and/or little air coming out of nose, then the person has small minute
volume.
Alveolar Minute Volume - ans -Volume of air moved through lungs in 1 minute minus the
dead space. Alveolar Minute Volume = (tidal volume - dead space) x RR
Alveolar Ventilation - ans -Volume of air that reaches alveoli.
Alveolar ventilation = tidal volume - dead space
Name the characteristics of normal breathing - ans -1. Normal rate (12-20)
2. regular pattern of inhalation/exhalation
3. clear bilateral lung sounds
4. regular and equal chest rise/fall
5. adequate depth (tidal volume)
What are the characteristics of inadequate breathing (adults)? - ans -Chapter 6
1. labored breathing (activating accessory muscles of respiration)
2. 12< or >20 breaths/minute
3. muscle retractions above clavicles or between ribs and below rib cage
4. pale/cyanotic skin
5. cool, damp, clammy skin
6. tripod position
Chapter 10
1. 12< or 20>
2. irregular rhythm
3. diminished, absent or noisy auscultated breath sounds
4. reduced flow of expired air at nose/mouth
5. unequal or inadequate chest expansion
, 6. labored breathing
7. shallow depth
8. pale, cyanotic, cool or moist skin
9. retractions around ribs or above clavicles
What are agonal gasps? What should you do if a pt has agonal gasps? - ans -Pt in
cardiac arrest has occasional gasping breaths because respiratory center in brain
continues to send signals to breathing muscles. Artificial ventilations and chest
compressions.
Where are the alpha-1 receptors located? What is their effect? - ans -location-blood
vessels
constricted blood vessels, skin is pale, cool, clammy
They essentially increase BP
Where are the Beta-1 receptors located? What is their effect? - ans -location-heart
effect- increased HR, increased force of contraction
They essentially increase CO since CO = HR x SV
Where are the Beta-2 receptors located? What is their effect? - ans -location - lungs
(beta-2 is beta-tube)
effect - bronchodilation (more air enters lungs)
Where are the muscarinic receptors located? What is their effect? - ans -location - heart
effect - decreased HR, decreased force of contraction
Muscarinic is parasympathetic system and do complete opposite of Beta-1 which is
sympathetic
What hormones activate the sympathetic nervous system? - ans -Epineprhine and
norepineprhine, which are released from he adrenal gland after stimulation by the
sympathetic nervous system. These hormones stimulate heart and blood vessels.
What is pathophysiology? - ans -Study of how normal physiologic processes are
affected by disease
What is respiratory compromise? - ans -Inability of body to move gas effectively. Can
result in decreased O2 (hypoxia) and increased CO2 (hypercarbia)
What factors can impair ventilation? - ans -1. Obstruction
From the atmosphere, what structures does air pass through during ventilation? - ans -
Starts in atmosphere, then nose, nasopharyngeal space/orophargyneal space (if mouth
breather), then pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
What is the purpose of the nasal passages and nasopharynx? - ans -To warm/humidify
air as it passes through
What is dead space? What structures are considered part of dead space? - ans -Part of
respiratory system not involved in active respiration. Air moves through here but little to
no respiration occurs. Mouth, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles considered dead space
What is minute volume? What does it measure? - ans -Minute volume = RR x tidal
volume. Volume of air moving through lungs in 1 minute. Can be estimated quickly.
Count RR rate. If normal check to see chest rise and fall (tidal volume). If chest rise and
fall is weak and/or little air coming out of nose, then the person has small minute
volume.
Alveolar Minute Volume - ans -Volume of air moved through lungs in 1 minute minus the
dead space. Alveolar Minute Volume = (tidal volume - dead space) x RR
Alveolar Ventilation - ans -Volume of air that reaches alveoli.
Alveolar ventilation = tidal volume - dead space
Name the characteristics of normal breathing - ans -1. Normal rate (12-20)
2. regular pattern of inhalation/exhalation
3. clear bilateral lung sounds
4. regular and equal chest rise/fall
5. adequate depth (tidal volume)
What are the characteristics of inadequate breathing (adults)? - ans -Chapter 6
1. labored breathing (activating accessory muscles of respiration)
2. 12< or >20 breaths/minute
3. muscle retractions above clavicles or between ribs and below rib cage
4. pale/cyanotic skin
5. cool, damp, clammy skin
6. tripod position
Chapter 10
1. 12< or 20>
2. irregular rhythm
3. diminished, absent or noisy auscultated breath sounds
4. reduced flow of expired air at nose/mouth
5. unequal or inadequate chest expansion
, 6. labored breathing
7. shallow depth
8. pale, cyanotic, cool or moist skin
9. retractions around ribs or above clavicles
What are agonal gasps? What should you do if a pt has agonal gasps? - ans -Pt in
cardiac arrest has occasional gasping breaths because respiratory center in brain
continues to send signals to breathing muscles. Artificial ventilations and chest
compressions.
Where are the alpha-1 receptors located? What is their effect? - ans -location-blood
vessels
constricted blood vessels, skin is pale, cool, clammy
They essentially increase BP
Where are the Beta-1 receptors located? What is their effect? - ans -location-heart
effect- increased HR, increased force of contraction
They essentially increase CO since CO = HR x SV
Where are the Beta-2 receptors located? What is their effect? - ans -location - lungs
(beta-2 is beta-tube)
effect - bronchodilation (more air enters lungs)
Where are the muscarinic receptors located? What is their effect? - ans -location - heart
effect - decreased HR, decreased force of contraction
Muscarinic is parasympathetic system and do complete opposite of Beta-1 which is
sympathetic
What hormones activate the sympathetic nervous system? - ans -Epineprhine and
norepineprhine, which are released from he adrenal gland after stimulation by the
sympathetic nervous system. These hormones stimulate heart and blood vessels.
What is pathophysiology? - ans -Study of how normal physiologic processes are
affected by disease
What is respiratory compromise? - ans -Inability of body to move gas effectively. Can
result in decreased O2 (hypoxia) and increased CO2 (hypercarbia)
What factors can impair ventilation? - ans -1. Obstruction
