A&P Exam 1 (ch 1 & 2)/ Real Exam Questions
with Correct Answers, .
Terms in this set (380)
What is anatomy? The study of structure.
1. Gross/Macroscopic (regional, surface, & systemic anatomy)
What are the 3 subdivisions of 2. Microscopic (cytology and histology)
anatomy?
3. Developmental (embryology)
1. Mastering of anatomical terminology (medical terminology)
2. Observation
What are the essential tools (5) for 3. Manipulation
studying anatomy?
4. Palpation
5. Auscultation (stethoscope)
What is Physiology? The study of function at many levels
What are the subdivisions of Subdivisions of physiology are based on organ systems (renal, cardiovascular, etc.)
physiology?
1. Ability to focus at many levels (from systemic to cellular andmolecular)
2. Basic physical principles (electrical currents, pressure,movement, etc.)
What are the essential tools (3) for 3. Basic chemical principles
the study of physiology?
You cannot have anatomy physiology.
without ____________ and vice anatomy & physiology are MARRIED ;)
versa.
(They are inseparable)
What does the phrase "function the way something is built determines (or "reflects") how it works
always reflects structure" mean?
What a structure can do depends specific form.
on it's...
Chemical Level: atoms combine to form cells
Cellular Level: cells combine to form molecules
What are the Levels of Structural Tissue Level: tissues consist of similar types of cells
Organization? Organ Level: organs consist of different types of tissues
Organ System Level: different organs work together closely
Organismal Level:an organism of many organ systems ie humans
What is the specific order of chem -> cell -> tissue -> organs -> organ systems
increasing levels of structural
organization?
, -Smooth Muscle
What are the 3 kinds of tissue? -Connective
-Epithelial
How many organ systems are there? 11
-forms the external body covering
What does the integumentary -protects deeper tissues from injury
system do? -synthesizes Vitamin D
-houses cutaneous receptors & sweat/oil glands
Anytime you hear the word SKIN
"cutaneous" what should you think?
-protects and supports body organs
-provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement
What does the skeletal system do?
-stores of minerals
-blood cells are formed within bones
-allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, & facial expression
-maintains posture
What does the muscular system do?
-produces heat
What is the most important Nervous System
organ system in the body and (it tells all other systems what to do. it's the motherboard)
why?
-acts as the fast-acting control system of the body -responds to
internal and external changes by activating appropriate
muscles and glands
What does the nervous system do?
-ELECTRICITY (for anything in a house to work, you need the electricity to be
working. same for your nervous system to your organs)
-Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide,
What does the cardiovascular do? nutrients, wastes, etc.
-The heart pumps blood.
-Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood
-Disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream
What does the -Houses white blood cell (lymphocytes) involved in immunity -The
immune response mounts the attack against foreign substances
Lymphatic/Immunity System do?
within the bod
-Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen & removes carbon
What does the respiratory system dioxide.
do? -The gaseous exchange occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.
-Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to
What does the digestive system body cells
do?
-Indigestion foodstuffs are eliminated as feces
-Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body
What does the urinary system do? -Regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood
, -overall function is production of the offspring
-Testes produce sperm and male sex hormone
-Male ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract
-Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones
What does the female/male -Remaining female structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of
reproductive system do?
the fetus
-Mammary glands of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn
-All cells depend on organ systems to meet their survival needs -Organ
Organ Systems systems work cooperatively to perform necessary life functions
Interrelationships
1. Maintaining boundaries between internal/externalenvironments
2. Movement/Contractility
3. Responsiveness
4. Digestion
What are the 8 life functions? 5. Metabolism
6. Excretion
7. Reproduction
8. Growth
How do humans exhibit the life -Plasma membrane in cells
function, 'Maintaining boundaries -Skin
between internal & external
environments'?
How do humans exhibit the life -Movement of body parts (skeletal muscle)
function, -Movement of substances (cardiac & smooth muscle)
'Movement/Contractility'?
Is skeletal muscle voluntary or voluntary (movement of bones)
involuntary?
Is cardiac muscle involuntary or involuntary (heart)
voluntary?
Is smooth muscle involuntary or involuntary (digestive system)
voluntary?
Define the life function The ability to sense and respond to stimuli
"Responsiveness".
-Withdrawal reflex (touching a hot stove, reaction = withdrawal reflex)
How do humans exhibit the life -Control of breathing rate
function, 'Responsiveness'?
-Humans breakdown ingested foodstuffs (if you can't break down, you
How do humans exhibit the life can't get nutrients)
function, 'Digestion'?
-Absorption of simple molecules into blood
Define the life function All chemical reactions that occur in body cells
"Metabolism".
How do humans exhibit the life Catabolism & Anabolism
function, 'Metabolism'?
with Correct Answers, .
Terms in this set (380)
What is anatomy? The study of structure.
1. Gross/Macroscopic (regional, surface, & systemic anatomy)
What are the 3 subdivisions of 2. Microscopic (cytology and histology)
anatomy?
3. Developmental (embryology)
1. Mastering of anatomical terminology (medical terminology)
2. Observation
What are the essential tools (5) for 3. Manipulation
studying anatomy?
4. Palpation
5. Auscultation (stethoscope)
What is Physiology? The study of function at many levels
What are the subdivisions of Subdivisions of physiology are based on organ systems (renal, cardiovascular, etc.)
physiology?
1. Ability to focus at many levels (from systemic to cellular andmolecular)
2. Basic physical principles (electrical currents, pressure,movement, etc.)
What are the essential tools (3) for 3. Basic chemical principles
the study of physiology?
You cannot have anatomy physiology.
without ____________ and vice anatomy & physiology are MARRIED ;)
versa.
(They are inseparable)
What does the phrase "function the way something is built determines (or "reflects") how it works
always reflects structure" mean?
What a structure can do depends specific form.
on it's...
Chemical Level: atoms combine to form cells
Cellular Level: cells combine to form molecules
What are the Levels of Structural Tissue Level: tissues consist of similar types of cells
Organization? Organ Level: organs consist of different types of tissues
Organ System Level: different organs work together closely
Organismal Level:an organism of many organ systems ie humans
What is the specific order of chem -> cell -> tissue -> organs -> organ systems
increasing levels of structural
organization?
, -Smooth Muscle
What are the 3 kinds of tissue? -Connective
-Epithelial
How many organ systems are there? 11
-forms the external body covering
What does the integumentary -protects deeper tissues from injury
system do? -synthesizes Vitamin D
-houses cutaneous receptors & sweat/oil glands
Anytime you hear the word SKIN
"cutaneous" what should you think?
-protects and supports body organs
-provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement
What does the skeletal system do?
-stores of minerals
-blood cells are formed within bones
-allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, & facial expression
-maintains posture
What does the muscular system do?
-produces heat
What is the most important Nervous System
organ system in the body and (it tells all other systems what to do. it's the motherboard)
why?
-acts as the fast-acting control system of the body -responds to
internal and external changes by activating appropriate
muscles and glands
What does the nervous system do?
-ELECTRICITY (for anything in a house to work, you need the electricity to be
working. same for your nervous system to your organs)
-Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide,
What does the cardiovascular do? nutrients, wastes, etc.
-The heart pumps blood.
-Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood
-Disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream
What does the -Houses white blood cell (lymphocytes) involved in immunity -The
immune response mounts the attack against foreign substances
Lymphatic/Immunity System do?
within the bod
-Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen & removes carbon
What does the respiratory system dioxide.
do? -The gaseous exchange occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.
-Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to
What does the digestive system body cells
do?
-Indigestion foodstuffs are eliminated as feces
-Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body
What does the urinary system do? -Regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood
, -overall function is production of the offspring
-Testes produce sperm and male sex hormone
-Male ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract
-Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones
What does the female/male -Remaining female structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of
reproductive system do?
the fetus
-Mammary glands of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn
-All cells depend on organ systems to meet their survival needs -Organ
Organ Systems systems work cooperatively to perform necessary life functions
Interrelationships
1. Maintaining boundaries between internal/externalenvironments
2. Movement/Contractility
3. Responsiveness
4. Digestion
What are the 8 life functions? 5. Metabolism
6. Excretion
7. Reproduction
8. Growth
How do humans exhibit the life -Plasma membrane in cells
function, 'Maintaining boundaries -Skin
between internal & external
environments'?
How do humans exhibit the life -Movement of body parts (skeletal muscle)
function, -Movement of substances (cardiac & smooth muscle)
'Movement/Contractility'?
Is skeletal muscle voluntary or voluntary (movement of bones)
involuntary?
Is cardiac muscle involuntary or involuntary (heart)
voluntary?
Is smooth muscle involuntary or involuntary (digestive system)
voluntary?
Define the life function The ability to sense and respond to stimuli
"Responsiveness".
-Withdrawal reflex (touching a hot stove, reaction = withdrawal reflex)
How do humans exhibit the life -Control of breathing rate
function, 'Responsiveness'?
-Humans breakdown ingested foodstuffs (if you can't break down, you
How do humans exhibit the life can't get nutrients)
function, 'Digestion'?
-Absorption of simple molecules into blood
Define the life function All chemical reactions that occur in body cells
"Metabolism".
How do humans exhibit the life Catabolism & Anabolism
function, 'Metabolism'?
