Contents
Chapter01:Cellular Biology ............................................................................................................................ 4
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Chapter02:AlteredCellularandTissueBiology:Environmental Agents .......................................................... 18
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Chapter03:TheCellularEnvironment: FluidsandElectrolytes, AcidsandBases .............................................. 31
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Chapter04:Genes andGeneticDiseases........................................................................................................ 44
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Chapter05:Genes,Environment-Lifestyle,andCommonDiseases ................................................................ 55
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Chapter06:EpigeneticsandDisease.............................................................................................................. 63
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Chapter07:InnateImmunity:InflammationandWoundHealing ................................................................... 68
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Chapter08:Adaptive Immunity .................................................................................................................... 83
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Chapter09:AlterationsinImmunity andInflammation.................................................................................. 95
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Chapter 10: Infection .................................................................................................................................. 108
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Chapter11:Stress andDisease .................................................................................................................... 117
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Chapter12: Cancer Biology ......................................................................................................................... 124
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Chapter13: Cancer Epidemiology ............................................................................................................... 137
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Chapter14: Cancer in Children .................................................................................................................... 143
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Chapter15:StructureandFunction oftheNeurologicSystem....................................................................... 148
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Chapter16:Pain,Temperature Regulation, Sleep,andSensory Function...................................................... 159
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Chapter17:AlterationsinCognitive Systems,CerebralHemodynamics,and MotorFunction ....................... 174
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Chapter18:Disordersofthe CentralandPeripheral NervousSystemsandthe Neuromuscular Junction
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.................................................................................................................................................................. 188
Chapter19:NeurobiologyofSchizophrenia,MoodDisorders,andAnxietyDisorders.................................... 199
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Chapter20: AlterationsofNeurologicFunction inChildren........................................................................... 206
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Chapter21: MechanismsofHormonalRegulation ....................................................................................... 213
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Chapter 22: AlterationsofHormonal Regulation ......................................................................................... 222
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Chapter 23:Obesity andDisordersof Nutrition ............................................................................................ 234
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Chapter24:StructureandFunctionoftheReproductive Systems ................................................................. 239
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Chapter25:Alterationsofthe Female Reproductive System ........................................................................ 249
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Chapter26:Alterationsofthe MaleReproductive System ............................................................................ 259
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Chapter27:SexuallyTransmittedInfections ................................................................................................ 265
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Chapter28: Structure andFunctionoftheHematologicSystem .................................................................... 273
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Chapter29: AlterationsofErythrocytes,Platelets, andHemostatic Function................................................ 283
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, 3
Chapter30:AlterationsofLeukocyte andLymphoidFunction ...................................................................... 293
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Chapter31: AlterationsofHematologic Functionin Children........................................................................ 300
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Chapter32:StructureandFunctionoftheCardiovascularandLymphatic Systems ........................................ 311
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Chapter33:AlterationsofCardiovascular Function ..................................................................................... 324
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Chapter34:AlterationsofCardiovascularFunctioninChildren ..................................................................... 338
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Chapter35:Structure andFunctionofthePulmonary System ...................................................................... 346
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Chapter36: AlterationsofPulmonary Function ........................................................................................... 356
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Chapter37: AlterationsofPulmonaryFunction inChildren........................................................................... 373
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Chapter38: Structure andFunction oftheRenalandUrologic Systems ......................................................... 381
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Chapter39: AlterationsofRenal and Urinary Tract Function......................................................................... 391
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Chapter40: AlterationsofRenal and UrinaryTract Function in Children ........................................................ 401
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Chapter41:StructureandFunctionoftheDigestive System ......................................................................... 409
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Chapter42:AlterationsofDigestive Function .............................................................................................. 421
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Chapter43: AlterationsofDigestive Functionin Children ............................................................................. 432
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Chapter44:Structure andFunctionoftheMusculoskeletal System .............................................................. 441
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Chapter45:AlterationsofMusculoskeletal Function ................................................................................... 453
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Chapter46:AlterationsofMusculoskeletalFunctioninChildren .................................................................. 466
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Chapter47:Structure,Function, andDisordersoftheIntegument................................................................ 475
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Chapter48: Alterationsofthe Integument in Children ................................................................................. 486
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Chapter49:Shock,MultipleOrganDysfunctionSyndrome, andBurnsinAdults ............................................ 494
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Chapter50:Shock,MultipleOrganDysfunctionSyndrome, andBurnsinChildren ......................................... 502
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, Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th) 4
Chapter01:CellularBiology
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MULTIPLE CHOICE t
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. t t t
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. t t t t
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients. t t t t t t
d. Cells can synthesize fats. t t t
ANS: t C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surroundings.
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The remainingoptions arenot inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
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PTS: t t 1 DIF: CognitiveLevel: Remembering t t
2. Whereis most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: t C
Thenucleus contains the nucleolus, asmall densestructurecomposed largelyof RNA, most of the
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cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The
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mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production. t t t t t t t t
Ribosomes’ chieffunction is to provide sites forcellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function as the
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intracellular digestive system. t t
PTS: t t 1 DIF: CognitiveLevel: Remembering t t
3. Which component ofthe cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)byusing oxygen to remove
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hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
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a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: t B