APA rules numbers
🔢 Use numerals (1, 2, 3...) when:
● It's 10 or above
○ Example: There were 12 participants in the study.
● It's part of a measurement
○ Example: 5 mg, 3 cm, 2 hours
● It's statistical or mathematical data
○ Example: A 2% increase, p < .05
● It represents time, age, dates, money, scores, or points on a scale
○ Example: She is 7 years old.
○ The score was 4 out of 5.
✏️ Use words (one, two, three...) when:
● It's below 10 and not part of the exceptions above
○ Example: She bought three journals.
● It starts a sentence
○ Example: Twenty-five students completed the survey.
○ (But it's better to reword to avoid starting with a number)
,EBP
Unit 1 Introduction to Evidence-Based Practice
Part of being an evidence-based practitioner is being a critical consumer of research
All clinicians are researchers and scientists: make observations and analyze evidence as part of our
everyday existence.
With our clients we make observations; search for the current best evidence for assessments and
treatment; take into consideration the values of the client and continue to make observations and
adjustments as we deliver our services
Campbell offers the most complete answers to the most important questions by bringing together all the
evidence in one rigorous review.
The Campbell Collaboration is a global team of researchers and policy makers providing answers that
change lives.
Pyramids of evidence
Ranks evidence based on reliability & quality
Top point is highest level & bottom rung lowest
Primary & Secondary sources
● Primary= original research, individual studies
● Secondary= reviews of multiple studies
Qualiative vs. Quantitative
● Qualitative= words and opinions
● Quantitative= numerical data; statistics
Qualitative:
● Expressed in words
● Subjective
● Interviews, focus groups
Quantitative
● Expressed in numbers
● Objective
● Objectively answer a hypothesis
Interprofessioanl Education and Interprofesional Practice
,Health care organizations have become more intentional in moving from multidisciplinary
practice to interdisciplinary practice in an effort to meet client, organizational, and health care
outcomes. Health care practitioners in today's practice settings are expected to contribute on
interdisciplinary teams through the process of collaboration. The Institute for Healthcare
Improvement, a research focused organization with a mission to improve health care and health
care systems, developed The Triple Aim framework.
The IHI identified three aims that the coordination of care would improve, health care and health
care systems. The collaboration amongst providers would result in healthier populations, reduced
healthcare costs and improve the patient experience with health care. Most recently, a fourth aim
of the
Triple Aim framework was introduced.
Triple AIM: Improving population health
Improving patient experience
Reducing costs of healthcare
Reducing burnout for health care providers
Interprofessional practice is the act of a collaborative ready members of a health care team, along
with families, caregivers, and communities, working together to strengthen health systems and
improve outcomes. Interprofessional education is demonstrated when students from two or more
professions learned about, from and with each other as a precursor to collaboration. This came
about as a realization that putting people in a room didn't automatically lead to collaboration.
Interprofesional Education Competencies:
Competency 1: Values and Ethics for interprofessional practice
Competency 2: Roles and responsibilities for collaborating practice
Competency 3: Interprofessional communication practices
Competency 4: Interprofessional teamwork and team-based practice
Competency two recognizes one's limitations in skills, knowledge, and abilities.
Explain to others team members and clients, along with families and community
members, how the team works together to provide health and wellness.
Competency three uses effective communication strategies. Respecting cultural norms
that provide evidence of a patient centered team approach.
Competency four engages team members as respected stakeholders using the best
available evidence in the decision making process.
Interprofessional Education Competencies Quiz
Multiple Choice Questions
, 1. Which competency focuses on recognizing one’s limitations in skills, knowledge,
and abilities?
a) Competency 1: Values and Ethics for Interprofessional Practice
b) Competency 2: Roles and Responsibilities for Collaborating Practice
c) Competency 3: Interprofessional Communication Practices
d) Competency 4: Interprofessional Teamwork and Team-Based Practice
Collaboration is the key to success on IP teams, as individuals from respective disciplines each
bring their unique skill sets and disciplined perspectives in service of shared goals.
Unit 1: Evidence-Based Practice
Introduction to Research:
Science: A Way of Knowing
Science is a systematic approach to knowing and understanding the world around us.
Science is:
•Collecting information about phenomena in an area
•Building a reliable base of information in an area
•Developing theories to explain phenomena
Information acquired via research is:
•Identifying a problem to study
•Developing hypotheses
•Conducting research and analyzing results
•Disseminating results
A scientist is someone who:
•Adopts scientific methods to acquire information
•Engages in a wide range of activities
•Works in a variety of settings
Science is a way of thinking that involves:
•Carefully defining a problem
•Seeking out relevant information
•Rigorously testing hypotheses
🔢 Use numerals (1, 2, 3...) when:
● It's 10 or above
○ Example: There were 12 participants in the study.
● It's part of a measurement
○ Example: 5 mg, 3 cm, 2 hours
● It's statistical or mathematical data
○ Example: A 2% increase, p < .05
● It represents time, age, dates, money, scores, or points on a scale
○ Example: She is 7 years old.
○ The score was 4 out of 5.
✏️ Use words (one, two, three...) when:
● It's below 10 and not part of the exceptions above
○ Example: She bought three journals.
● It starts a sentence
○ Example: Twenty-five students completed the survey.
○ (But it's better to reword to avoid starting with a number)
,EBP
Unit 1 Introduction to Evidence-Based Practice
Part of being an evidence-based practitioner is being a critical consumer of research
All clinicians are researchers and scientists: make observations and analyze evidence as part of our
everyday existence.
With our clients we make observations; search for the current best evidence for assessments and
treatment; take into consideration the values of the client and continue to make observations and
adjustments as we deliver our services
Campbell offers the most complete answers to the most important questions by bringing together all the
evidence in one rigorous review.
The Campbell Collaboration is a global team of researchers and policy makers providing answers that
change lives.
Pyramids of evidence
Ranks evidence based on reliability & quality
Top point is highest level & bottom rung lowest
Primary & Secondary sources
● Primary= original research, individual studies
● Secondary= reviews of multiple studies
Qualiative vs. Quantitative
● Qualitative= words and opinions
● Quantitative= numerical data; statistics
Qualitative:
● Expressed in words
● Subjective
● Interviews, focus groups
Quantitative
● Expressed in numbers
● Objective
● Objectively answer a hypothesis
Interprofessioanl Education and Interprofesional Practice
,Health care organizations have become more intentional in moving from multidisciplinary
practice to interdisciplinary practice in an effort to meet client, organizational, and health care
outcomes. Health care practitioners in today's practice settings are expected to contribute on
interdisciplinary teams through the process of collaboration. The Institute for Healthcare
Improvement, a research focused organization with a mission to improve health care and health
care systems, developed The Triple Aim framework.
The IHI identified three aims that the coordination of care would improve, health care and health
care systems. The collaboration amongst providers would result in healthier populations, reduced
healthcare costs and improve the patient experience with health care. Most recently, a fourth aim
of the
Triple Aim framework was introduced.
Triple AIM: Improving population health
Improving patient experience
Reducing costs of healthcare
Reducing burnout for health care providers
Interprofessional practice is the act of a collaborative ready members of a health care team, along
with families, caregivers, and communities, working together to strengthen health systems and
improve outcomes. Interprofessional education is demonstrated when students from two or more
professions learned about, from and with each other as a precursor to collaboration. This came
about as a realization that putting people in a room didn't automatically lead to collaboration.
Interprofesional Education Competencies:
Competency 1: Values and Ethics for interprofessional practice
Competency 2: Roles and responsibilities for collaborating practice
Competency 3: Interprofessional communication practices
Competency 4: Interprofessional teamwork and team-based practice
Competency two recognizes one's limitations in skills, knowledge, and abilities.
Explain to others team members and clients, along with families and community
members, how the team works together to provide health and wellness.
Competency three uses effective communication strategies. Respecting cultural norms
that provide evidence of a patient centered team approach.
Competency four engages team members as respected stakeholders using the best
available evidence in the decision making process.
Interprofessional Education Competencies Quiz
Multiple Choice Questions
, 1. Which competency focuses on recognizing one’s limitations in skills, knowledge,
and abilities?
a) Competency 1: Values and Ethics for Interprofessional Practice
b) Competency 2: Roles and Responsibilities for Collaborating Practice
c) Competency 3: Interprofessional Communication Practices
d) Competency 4: Interprofessional Teamwork and Team-Based Practice
Collaboration is the key to success on IP teams, as individuals from respective disciplines each
bring their unique skill sets and disciplined perspectives in service of shared goals.
Unit 1: Evidence-Based Practice
Introduction to Research:
Science: A Way of Knowing
Science is a systematic approach to knowing and understanding the world around us.
Science is:
•Collecting information about phenomena in an area
•Building a reliable base of information in an area
•Developing theories to explain phenomena
Information acquired via research is:
•Identifying a problem to study
•Developing hypotheses
•Conducting research and analyzing results
•Disseminating results
A scientist is someone who:
•Adopts scientific methods to acquire information
•Engages in a wide range of activities
•Works in a variety of settings
Science is a way of thinking that involves:
•Carefully defining a problem
•Seeking out relevant information
•Rigorously testing hypotheses
