BSC 114 CHAPTER 21 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What factor accounts most for the difference in genome size between vertebrates and
prokaryotes?
a.) Vertebrates have more noncoding DNA sequences.
b.) Vertebrates have more protein-coding genes.
c.) Vertebrates have longer and more complex upstream regulatory sequences
d.) Vertebrates have more genes for functional RNA molecules.
e.) All of the listed responses are correct. - Answer-a.) Vertebrates have more
noncoding DNA sequences.
NCBI provides __________.
a.) BLAST
b.) a database of protein structures
c.) Genbank
d.) All of the listed responses are correct. - Answer-d.) All of the listed responses are
correct.
The occasional mixing and matching of different exons within a gene or between two
different (nonallelic) genes can be caused by errors in meiotic recombination. This
process is called __________. - Answer-exon shuffling
How do transposable elements promote functional genetic diversity in a population?
a.) Transposable elements that insert into an intron may provide an alternative splice
site, leading to protein with a new exon.
b.) Transposable element insertion into a regulatory sequence may alter the strength of
transcription.
c.) A transposable element gene such as integrase or reverse transcriptase may
become part of a normal cellular gene.
d.) A transposable element may cause genetic diversity by any of the listed methods.
e.) A transposable element may carry along a gene or an exon to a different locus,
leading to exon duplication or exon shuffling. - Answer-d.) A transposable element may
cause genetic diversity by any of the listed methods.
, The number of genes in an organism's genome is not a perfect indication of the
organism's complexity because __________.
a.) alternative splicing can increase the number of polypeptides made from a single pre-
mRNA
b.) post-translational modifications can increase the types of proteins produced by a
single gene
c.) individual polypeptides can interact to form multiple types of protein complexes
d.) individual genes can be expressed in more or less complex ways in different
organisms
e.) All of the listed responses are correct. - Answer-e.) All of the listed responses are
correct.
Alu elements __________. - Answer-are derived from or related to transposable
elements
How many genes is the human genome thought to contain? - Answer-Approximately
20,000-22,000
How does sequence by synthesis techniques differ from previous sequencing
methodologies? - Answer-Simultaneous sequencing of many small fragments of DNA,
thereby reducing the amount of time required to sequence a genome
Two families of globin genes exist in humans. In each family, there are multiple copies
of the genes. How did these multiple copies come about? - Answer-A common
ancestral gene was duplicated early in the evolutionary history of the globin gene and
then multiple times since.
The majority of the human genome consists of all but which of the following?
a.) Exons
b.) Repetitive DNA
c.) Introns
d.) Unique noncoding DNA
e.) Alu elements
f.) Regulatory sequences - Answer-a.) Exons
Chromosomal rearrangements may be important in evolution because __________. -
Answer-chromosome rearrangements lead to gene duplication, thus generating a
"spare" copy of the gene that is free to evolve and acquire a new function
What information can be learned by comparing genomes from distantly related groups
of organisms such as eukarya and archaea? - Answer-These comparisons can help
clarify evolutionary relationships between organisms that diverged from each other
many millions or even billions of years ago.
AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What factor accounts most for the difference in genome size between vertebrates and
prokaryotes?
a.) Vertebrates have more noncoding DNA sequences.
b.) Vertebrates have more protein-coding genes.
c.) Vertebrates have longer and more complex upstream regulatory sequences
d.) Vertebrates have more genes for functional RNA molecules.
e.) All of the listed responses are correct. - Answer-a.) Vertebrates have more
noncoding DNA sequences.
NCBI provides __________.
a.) BLAST
b.) a database of protein structures
c.) Genbank
d.) All of the listed responses are correct. - Answer-d.) All of the listed responses are
correct.
The occasional mixing and matching of different exons within a gene or between two
different (nonallelic) genes can be caused by errors in meiotic recombination. This
process is called __________. - Answer-exon shuffling
How do transposable elements promote functional genetic diversity in a population?
a.) Transposable elements that insert into an intron may provide an alternative splice
site, leading to protein with a new exon.
b.) Transposable element insertion into a regulatory sequence may alter the strength of
transcription.
c.) A transposable element gene such as integrase or reverse transcriptase may
become part of a normal cellular gene.
d.) A transposable element may cause genetic diversity by any of the listed methods.
e.) A transposable element may carry along a gene or an exon to a different locus,
leading to exon duplication or exon shuffling. - Answer-d.) A transposable element may
cause genetic diversity by any of the listed methods.
, The number of genes in an organism's genome is not a perfect indication of the
organism's complexity because __________.
a.) alternative splicing can increase the number of polypeptides made from a single pre-
mRNA
b.) post-translational modifications can increase the types of proteins produced by a
single gene
c.) individual polypeptides can interact to form multiple types of protein complexes
d.) individual genes can be expressed in more or less complex ways in different
organisms
e.) All of the listed responses are correct. - Answer-e.) All of the listed responses are
correct.
Alu elements __________. - Answer-are derived from or related to transposable
elements
How many genes is the human genome thought to contain? - Answer-Approximately
20,000-22,000
How does sequence by synthesis techniques differ from previous sequencing
methodologies? - Answer-Simultaneous sequencing of many small fragments of DNA,
thereby reducing the amount of time required to sequence a genome
Two families of globin genes exist in humans. In each family, there are multiple copies
of the genes. How did these multiple copies come about? - Answer-A common
ancestral gene was duplicated early in the evolutionary history of the globin gene and
then multiple times since.
The majority of the human genome consists of all but which of the following?
a.) Exons
b.) Repetitive DNA
c.) Introns
d.) Unique noncoding DNA
e.) Alu elements
f.) Regulatory sequences - Answer-a.) Exons
Chromosomal rearrangements may be important in evolution because __________. -
Answer-chromosome rearrangements lead to gene duplication, thus generating a
"spare" copy of the gene that is free to evolve and acquire a new function
What information can be learned by comparing genomes from distantly related groups
of organisms such as eukarya and archaea? - Answer-These comparisons can help
clarify evolutionary relationships between organisms that diverged from each other
many millions or even billions of years ago.
