and Cognitive Questions and Answers 2025
WhatAdoesAmoodAdisorderAallAencompass?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
majorAdepressiveAdisorder,ApersistentAdepressiveAdisorder,AbipolarAIAdisorder,AbipolarAIIA
disorder,ApremenstrualAdysphoricAdisorder,AdisruptiveAmoodAdysregulationAdisorder,AandA
moodAdisordersAinducedAbyAsubstanceAexposure,AsubstanceAwithdrawal,AorAmedicalA
conditions.
MajorADepressiveASymptomsA-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
includeAdepressedAmoodAorAfeelingAempty/hopeless,Aanhedonia,AlowAenergy,AdecreasedA
concentration,AincreasedAorAdecreasedAsleepAorAappetite,AlowAself-
esteem,Aguilt,Aand/orAsuicidalAthoughts.
ManicAsymptomsAinclude?A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
distractibility,AincreasedAenergyAandAactivities,AdecreasedAneedAforAsleep,Agrandiosity,Apre
ssuredAspeech,AflightAofAideas,AhallucinationsAorAdelusions,AandAdisinhibition/engagingAinA
excessiveApleasurableAactivitiesAwithAhighApotentialAforApainfulAconsequences,AsuchAasAov
erspending,AriskyAsexApractices,Arisk-
takingAbehaviors,AandAoveruseAofAethylAalcoholA(ETOH)AorAillicitAdrugs.
WhatAareAsomeACommonApsychopharmacologicalAtreatmentsAforAdepression?A-
ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
selectiveAserotoninAreuptakeAinhibitorsA(SSRIs),AselectiveAserotonin-
norepinephrineAreuptakeAinhibitorsA(SNRIs),AotherAantidepressantsA(e.g.,Amirtazapine,Atri
cyclicAantidepressantsA[TCAs],Atrazodone,Abupropion,AmonoamineAoxidaseAinhibitorsA[MA
OIs]),AatypicalAantipsychotics,AandAanticonvulsantAmoodAstabilizersA(e.g.,Alamotrigine).
WhatAareAsomeACommonApsychopharmacologicalAtreatmentsAforAbipolarAdisorder?A-
ACORRECTAANSWERSA-
lithiumAcarbonate,AatypicalAantipsychotics,AorAanticonvulsantAmoodAstabilizersA(e.g.,Avalpr
oicAacid,Alamotrigine,Acarbamazepine).
WhatAkindAofAmanagementAtherapyAisArecommendedAforAmoodAdisordersAandAPTSD?A-
ACORRECTAANSWERSA-Psychotherapy
WhyAareAMAOIsAnotAtheAfirst-lineAoptionsAforAtreatmentAofAPTSD?A-
ACORRECTAANSWERSA--MAOIsAareAnotAfirst-lineAoptionsAdueAtoAmanyAsignificantAdrug-
drugAinteractionsAasAwellAasAfood-drugAinteractions.
-
MAOIsAinhibitAtheAenzymeAthatAbreaksAdownAmonoaminesAincludingAserotonin,Adopamine
,AandAnorepinephrine;AinteractionsAwithAotherAmedicationsAcanAleadAtoAtoxicity.
-ConsumptionAofAtyramine-richAfoodsAcanAprecipitateAhypertensiveAcrisis.
WhatAisAaAcommonApsychopharmacologicalAtreatmentAforAOCD?A-
ACORRECTAANSWERSA-SSRIsAandAclomipramineA(aATCA).
WhatAhappensAwhenASerotonergicAagentsAareAstoppedAtooAquickly>A-
ACORRECTAANSWERSA-SerotoninAdiscontinuationAsyndromeAoccurs
SymptomsAofASerotoninAdiscontinuationAsyndromeAare:A-ACORRECTAANSWERSA-flu-
likeAsymptomsA(fatigue,Alethargy,Amyalgias,Achills,Aheadache),AinsomniaA(sleepAdisturban