EMCL CLINICAL LINGUISTICS QUIZ 1 EXAM 2025 WITH ACCURATE SOLUTIONS

Inflectional morphology – Answerchanges to a word that does not alter its underlying meaning Derivational morphology – Answerchanges to a word that DOES alter the meaning. Ex: develop and development Word – Answersmallest unit of grammar that can stand alone, separated with spaces in written language Lexicon – Answera mental dictionary Connectionism – Answera type of information-processing approach that emphasizes the simultaneous activity of numerous interconnected processing units. Activation – Answerex: “ghost” Words that relate in meaning “vampire” or sound “goal” may have high activation, while unrelated words like “pamphlet” will have low activation. Priming – Answertwo things are similar to one another they will either assist or interfere with each other. If unrelated, they will have no effect. Semantic priming – Answerwhen it’s easier to recognize a word (bread) if you have just seen a word that is related in meaning (butter) Facilitation – Answerif priming causes processing to be speeded up Inhibition – Answerif priming causes processing to be slowed down Double dissociation – Answera pattern of dissociations whereby one patient can do one task but not another, whereas another patient shows the reverse pattern EEG- electroencephalography – AnswerA means of measuring electrical potentials in the brain by placing electrodes across the scalp. ERP – event related potential – Answermeasures voltage changes on the scalp associated with the presentation of a stimulus Modularity – Answerprocesses in language operate independently from one another Discrete model – Answera level of processing can only begin its word when the previous one has finished its work Cascade model – Answerinformation is allowed to flow from one level to the following level before it has completed processing Bottom-up processing – Answeranalysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain. DATA DRIVEN Top-down processing – Answerinformation processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations Inner speech – Answerthe voice we hear in our head Working memory – Answershort term memory Sentences – AnswerA group of words that expresses a complete thought Grammar – Answerset of rules that enable us to produce and understand language Competence – Answerour knowledge of language separate from ability to use it Performance – Answerour language ability limited by our cognitive capacity Generative grammar – Answera finite set of rules that will produce or generate all the sentences of a language Word class – Answergrammatical categories including: noun, adjective, verb, adverb, determiner, pronoun, preposition, conjunction Noun – Answerwords used to name objects and ideas, both concrete (pig) and abstract (truth) Adjectives – Answerwords used to describe (pink, lovely) Verbs – Answerwords describing actions or states, or an assertion such as “kiss” or “modify” Adverbs – Answerwords qualifying verbs such as “quickly” Determiners – Answerwords determining the number of nouns being described. “the” “a” “some” Prepositions – Answerwords such as “in” “to” “at” Conjunctions – Answer”and” “because” and “so” Pronouns – Answer”he” “she” “it” Content words – Answernouns, verbs, adjectives, and most adverbs. *Sem