CIS 2200 EXAM 1 CORRECT
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2025
LATEST UPDATE
Fact - ANSWER the confirmation or validation of an event or object.
Data - ANSWER raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object.
EX. order date, amount sold, quantity ordered, customer number,price
Information - ANSWER data converted into a meaningful and useful context.
data that's processed to yield value.
EX. best selling product ,best customer, worst selling,worse customer
Variable - ANSWER a data that changes over time
ex. price and quantity ordered can vary.
Business intelligence - ANSWER -info collected from many sources which yields value
for strategic decision making.
-information collected from multiple sources such as suppliers, customers, competitors,
partners, and industries that analyzes patterns, trends, and relationships for strategic
decision making.
-long term decision that effects a period of time in excess of 1 yr.
Human intelligence - ANSWER Can by analytical as reference by IQ or
sensibility(emotion) as reference by EQ
Knowledge - ANSWER combines info and human intelligence for the benefit of the
company
Personal loyalty vs institutional loyalty - ANSWER Personal loyalty always trumps
institutional loyalty(doing something for own benefit over the company)
-As a result, accounting, finance, human resources are busy doing what's best for them
as oppose to whats best for the company. This hurts the company.
Solution is to focus on the big picture and operate on a system's level.
Systems thinking - ANSWER way of monitoring the entire system by viewing multiple
inputs being processed or transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering
feedback on each part
MIS - ANSWER -Management Information System
--analyzes the input that the company requires and the output that the company wants.
It assigns relative activity for each company along with the necessary resources.
-Then assigns responsibilities and measures results.
,-Efficiencies are identified and sourced.
-provides necessary feedbacks for improvement
-moves information about people, products, and processes across the company to
facilitate decision making and problem solving.
-storing of information accessible via computer to all departments.
###Unifies the entire business!
Management Info System textbook - ANSWER a business function, like accounting and
human resources, which moves information about people, products, and processes
across the company to facilitate decision making and problem solving.
Sole proprietorship - ANSWER -most popular form of structure business in US
-business form in which a single person is the sole owner and is personally responsible
for all the profits and losses of the business.
-quickest and easiest way to set up a business operation.
-No prerequisites or specific costs
Advantage of sole proprietorship - ANSWER the IRS taxes income only come once at
the individual rate. In corps, there's double taxation(corp, then shareholders )
Disadvantage of sole proprietorship - ANSWER unlimited liability in that no distinction is
made between business and your assets.
If cant pay debt, assets have to go.
Partnership - ANSWER more than one person single proprietorship and behaves in the
same way.
However, it has an additional disadvantage : each partner is singly liable for 100% of
the debt of the partnership regardless of how they occurred (Unlimited liability).
All partners are totally responsible for the debts of the business. If one partner messes
up and no others are at fault, the others with no fault have the same total responsibility
for paying the debt.
limited partnership - ANSWER -much like a general partnership except for one
important fundamental difference; the law protects the limited partner from being
responsible for all of the partnership's losses.
-The limited partner's legal liability in the business is limited to the amount of his or her
investment.
-However, this protection exists only as long as the limited partner does not play an
active role in the operation of the business.
In short:
Only act as a creditor(loan money), you're not a partner but a limited partner who are
not responsible for debts of the partnership.
Corporation - ANSWER legal entity/person that exists separate and apart from those
individuals who created it and carry on its operations.
,the business entity is separate from the business owners or shareholders.
Limited Liability - ANSWER shareholders are not personally liable for the losses
incurred by the corporation / not responsible for debts of corp.
LLC - ANSWER Limited Liability Corporation
Ronald Cappuccio extended corporation protection to small business owners without
double taxation. Once they become successful and big enough, they are required to pay
double taxation.
hybrid entity that has the legal protections
of a corporation and the ability to be taxed (one time) as a partnership.
Reasons Businesses Choose to Incorporate - ANSWER 1.Limited liability- financial
losses against the corporation are limited to the assets owned by the corporation.
2. Unlimited life - can go on indefinitively(doesn't rely on humans lifespan) unlike
partnerships or sole-pro..
3. Transferability of shares- With a corporation, all of the individual owners' rights and
privileges are represented by the shares of stock they own. Corporations can quickly
transfer ownership by simply having the shareholders endorse the back of each stock
certificate to another party.
4. Ability to raise investment capital - It is easy to attract new investors into a corporate
entity because of limited liability and the easy transferability of ownership.
Re-engineering - ANSWER using computers to fire 95% of your workforce.
Replaced accounting/finance specialists, replaced workers performing oral functions.
-involved in marketing
-performs market segmentation based on geography,demographics, psychographics,
and behavior.
Information technology - ANSWER hardware+software
Hardware - ANSWER consists of the physical devices associated with a computer
system.
Software - ANSWER the set of instructions the hardware executes to carry out specific
tasks / computer programs
Software, such as Microsoft Excel, and various hardware devices, such as a keyboard
and a monitor, interact to create a spreadsheet or a graph.
Firmware - ANSWER instructions written directly onto the computer chip
Disadvantage: dedicates that piece of chip, meaning that part cant be used for anything
else.
Advantage of firmware is nothing is as fast as it
CPU - ANSWER -aka microprocessor , Central processing unit
, -the actual hardware that interprets and executes the program (software) instructions
and coordinates how all the other hardware devices work together.
-in a chip made of silicon which may also contain memory
- brain of the computer
-large machines have memory on separate chip while small ones have memory on the
CPU chip ( the computer is in the middle, some have separate chip for memory , while
some have it on CPU chip)
Most important thing concerning computers - ANSWER Speed
CU - ANSWER Control unit
-interprets software instructions and literally tells the other hardware devices what to do,
based on the software instructions.
-runs the entire computer system by receiving programming instructions, decodes em,
and fulfills them by ordering various parts of the computer to perform.
(ALU) - ANSWER Arithmetic-logic unit
performs all arithmetic operations (for example, addition and subtraction) and all logic
operations
(such as sorting and comparing numbers)
-It cant do anything until instructed by the CU.
ALU AND CU - ANSWER The control unit obtains instructions from the software. It then
interprets the instructions, decides which tasks other devices perform, and finally tells
each device to perform the task. The ALU responds to the control unit and does
whatever it dictates, performing either arithmetic or logic operations.
Cycles per sec - ANSWER measurement of CPU speed
speed is usually measured in megahertz or gigahertz
-more cycles per sec means faster processing
Megahertz(MHz) - ANSWER the number of millions of CPU cycles per second.
1 megahert= a million CPU cycles per sec.
Gigahertz(GHz) - ANSWER the number of billions of CPU cycles per second.
Methods to speed up processing other than cycles per sec - ANSWER 1. Increasing
bus size
2. Shorter distance between circuits and the CPU(Chip line width)
3. Clock speed
4.Word length
Methods to speed up processing other than cycles per sec : Bus size - ANSWER -The
bigger the bust, the bigger the load the circuit can handle per cycle.
-the size of the internal electrical pathway along which signals are sent from one part of
the computer to another. A wider bus can move more data, hence faster processing.
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2025
LATEST UPDATE
Fact - ANSWER the confirmation or validation of an event or object.
Data - ANSWER raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object.
EX. order date, amount sold, quantity ordered, customer number,price
Information - ANSWER data converted into a meaningful and useful context.
data that's processed to yield value.
EX. best selling product ,best customer, worst selling,worse customer
Variable - ANSWER a data that changes over time
ex. price and quantity ordered can vary.
Business intelligence - ANSWER -info collected from many sources which yields value
for strategic decision making.
-information collected from multiple sources such as suppliers, customers, competitors,
partners, and industries that analyzes patterns, trends, and relationships for strategic
decision making.
-long term decision that effects a period of time in excess of 1 yr.
Human intelligence - ANSWER Can by analytical as reference by IQ or
sensibility(emotion) as reference by EQ
Knowledge - ANSWER combines info and human intelligence for the benefit of the
company
Personal loyalty vs institutional loyalty - ANSWER Personal loyalty always trumps
institutional loyalty(doing something for own benefit over the company)
-As a result, accounting, finance, human resources are busy doing what's best for them
as oppose to whats best for the company. This hurts the company.
Solution is to focus on the big picture and operate on a system's level.
Systems thinking - ANSWER way of monitoring the entire system by viewing multiple
inputs being processed or transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering
feedback on each part
MIS - ANSWER -Management Information System
--analyzes the input that the company requires and the output that the company wants.
It assigns relative activity for each company along with the necessary resources.
-Then assigns responsibilities and measures results.
,-Efficiencies are identified and sourced.
-provides necessary feedbacks for improvement
-moves information about people, products, and processes across the company to
facilitate decision making and problem solving.
-storing of information accessible via computer to all departments.
###Unifies the entire business!
Management Info System textbook - ANSWER a business function, like accounting and
human resources, which moves information about people, products, and processes
across the company to facilitate decision making and problem solving.
Sole proprietorship - ANSWER -most popular form of structure business in US
-business form in which a single person is the sole owner and is personally responsible
for all the profits and losses of the business.
-quickest and easiest way to set up a business operation.
-No prerequisites or specific costs
Advantage of sole proprietorship - ANSWER the IRS taxes income only come once at
the individual rate. In corps, there's double taxation(corp, then shareholders )
Disadvantage of sole proprietorship - ANSWER unlimited liability in that no distinction is
made between business and your assets.
If cant pay debt, assets have to go.
Partnership - ANSWER more than one person single proprietorship and behaves in the
same way.
However, it has an additional disadvantage : each partner is singly liable for 100% of
the debt of the partnership regardless of how they occurred (Unlimited liability).
All partners are totally responsible for the debts of the business. If one partner messes
up and no others are at fault, the others with no fault have the same total responsibility
for paying the debt.
limited partnership - ANSWER -much like a general partnership except for one
important fundamental difference; the law protects the limited partner from being
responsible for all of the partnership's losses.
-The limited partner's legal liability in the business is limited to the amount of his or her
investment.
-However, this protection exists only as long as the limited partner does not play an
active role in the operation of the business.
In short:
Only act as a creditor(loan money), you're not a partner but a limited partner who are
not responsible for debts of the partnership.
Corporation - ANSWER legal entity/person that exists separate and apart from those
individuals who created it and carry on its operations.
,the business entity is separate from the business owners or shareholders.
Limited Liability - ANSWER shareholders are not personally liable for the losses
incurred by the corporation / not responsible for debts of corp.
LLC - ANSWER Limited Liability Corporation
Ronald Cappuccio extended corporation protection to small business owners without
double taxation. Once they become successful and big enough, they are required to pay
double taxation.
hybrid entity that has the legal protections
of a corporation and the ability to be taxed (one time) as a partnership.
Reasons Businesses Choose to Incorporate - ANSWER 1.Limited liability- financial
losses against the corporation are limited to the assets owned by the corporation.
2. Unlimited life - can go on indefinitively(doesn't rely on humans lifespan) unlike
partnerships or sole-pro..
3. Transferability of shares- With a corporation, all of the individual owners' rights and
privileges are represented by the shares of stock they own. Corporations can quickly
transfer ownership by simply having the shareholders endorse the back of each stock
certificate to another party.
4. Ability to raise investment capital - It is easy to attract new investors into a corporate
entity because of limited liability and the easy transferability of ownership.
Re-engineering - ANSWER using computers to fire 95% of your workforce.
Replaced accounting/finance specialists, replaced workers performing oral functions.
-involved in marketing
-performs market segmentation based on geography,demographics, psychographics,
and behavior.
Information technology - ANSWER hardware+software
Hardware - ANSWER consists of the physical devices associated with a computer
system.
Software - ANSWER the set of instructions the hardware executes to carry out specific
tasks / computer programs
Software, such as Microsoft Excel, and various hardware devices, such as a keyboard
and a monitor, interact to create a spreadsheet or a graph.
Firmware - ANSWER instructions written directly onto the computer chip
Disadvantage: dedicates that piece of chip, meaning that part cant be used for anything
else.
Advantage of firmware is nothing is as fast as it
CPU - ANSWER -aka microprocessor , Central processing unit
, -the actual hardware that interprets and executes the program (software) instructions
and coordinates how all the other hardware devices work together.
-in a chip made of silicon which may also contain memory
- brain of the computer
-large machines have memory on separate chip while small ones have memory on the
CPU chip ( the computer is in the middle, some have separate chip for memory , while
some have it on CPU chip)
Most important thing concerning computers - ANSWER Speed
CU - ANSWER Control unit
-interprets software instructions and literally tells the other hardware devices what to do,
based on the software instructions.
-runs the entire computer system by receiving programming instructions, decodes em,
and fulfills them by ordering various parts of the computer to perform.
(ALU) - ANSWER Arithmetic-logic unit
performs all arithmetic operations (for example, addition and subtraction) and all logic
operations
(such as sorting and comparing numbers)
-It cant do anything until instructed by the CU.
ALU AND CU - ANSWER The control unit obtains instructions from the software. It then
interprets the instructions, decides which tasks other devices perform, and finally tells
each device to perform the task. The ALU responds to the control unit and does
whatever it dictates, performing either arithmetic or logic operations.
Cycles per sec - ANSWER measurement of CPU speed
speed is usually measured in megahertz or gigahertz
-more cycles per sec means faster processing
Megahertz(MHz) - ANSWER the number of millions of CPU cycles per second.
1 megahert= a million CPU cycles per sec.
Gigahertz(GHz) - ANSWER the number of billions of CPU cycles per second.
Methods to speed up processing other than cycles per sec - ANSWER 1. Increasing
bus size
2. Shorter distance between circuits and the CPU(Chip line width)
3. Clock speed
4.Word length
Methods to speed up processing other than cycles per sec : Bus size - ANSWER -The
bigger the bust, the bigger the load the circuit can handle per cycle.
-the size of the internal electrical pathway along which signals are sent from one part of
the computer to another. A wider bus can move more data, hence faster processing.
