MCDB 1A UCSB midterm 1 Questions with
Complete Solutions
Glycogen water-insoluble, highly branched polymer of glucose. Used to store glucose in
the liver and muscles and is thus an energy storage compound for animals as starch is for plants.
Cellulose most abundant organic compound on earth. Polysaccharide of glucose
connected by beta glycosidic linkages. Eccellent structural material
Lipids hydrocarbons that are insoluble in water because of their many nonpolar covalent
bonds. Used in-energy storage, structural role in cell membranes, regulatory roles in hormones,
thermal insulation in animals, electrical insulation around nerves, oil in skin, feathers, leaves, fur
which prevents excessive evaporation of water from terrestrial animals and plants
Triglycerides fats and oils. Formed from fatty acids (long nonpolar hydrocarbon chain
with an acidic polar carboxyl group) and glycerol (a small molecule with three hydroxyl groups).
Formed when the carboxyl group of a fatty acid bonds with the hydroxyl group of glycerol,
resulting in a covalent bond called an ester linkage.
,Saturated fatty acid no double bonds all single bonds. All bonds are saturated with
hydrogens. Relatively straight and pack together nicely
Unsaturated fatty acid hydrocarbon chain contains one or more double bonds. Do not pack
together tightly
Fatty acid molecule with a hydrophilic end(polar with polar) and a hydrophobic tail
(amphipathic)
Phospholipids contain fatty acids bound to glycerol by ester linkages. Any one of the
several phosphate-containing compounds replaces one of the fatty acids, giving these
amphipathic properties.
Fluid mosaic model biological membranes consist of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
This model of membrane structure describes a phospholipid bilayer in which proteins can move
about within the plane of the membrane.
Passive transport does not require the input of chemical energy to drive them
, Active transport requires the input of chemical energy (metabolic energy)
Central dogma DNA can be used to create a protein, but a protein can never be used to
create DNA. DNA encodes RNA, and RNA encodes proteins. Proteins do not encode proteins,
RNA, or DNA.
Messenger RNA a product of transcription. Travels from the nucleus to the cytoplasm,
where it is translated into a polypeptide.
Transfer RNA translates genetic information in the mRNA into a corresponding sequence
of amino acids to produce a polypeptide.
Ribosomal RNA catalyzes peptide bond formation between amino acids, to form a
polypeptide
Promoter DNA transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to a special sequence of
DNA known as this. "tells " the RNA polymerase where to start transcription and which stranc to
transcribe. Initiation site is where transcription begins.
Complete Solutions
Glycogen water-insoluble, highly branched polymer of glucose. Used to store glucose in
the liver and muscles and is thus an energy storage compound for animals as starch is for plants.
Cellulose most abundant organic compound on earth. Polysaccharide of glucose
connected by beta glycosidic linkages. Eccellent structural material
Lipids hydrocarbons that are insoluble in water because of their many nonpolar covalent
bonds. Used in-energy storage, structural role in cell membranes, regulatory roles in hormones,
thermal insulation in animals, electrical insulation around nerves, oil in skin, feathers, leaves, fur
which prevents excessive evaporation of water from terrestrial animals and plants
Triglycerides fats and oils. Formed from fatty acids (long nonpolar hydrocarbon chain
with an acidic polar carboxyl group) and glycerol (a small molecule with three hydroxyl groups).
Formed when the carboxyl group of a fatty acid bonds with the hydroxyl group of glycerol,
resulting in a covalent bond called an ester linkage.
,Saturated fatty acid no double bonds all single bonds. All bonds are saturated with
hydrogens. Relatively straight and pack together nicely
Unsaturated fatty acid hydrocarbon chain contains one or more double bonds. Do not pack
together tightly
Fatty acid molecule with a hydrophilic end(polar with polar) and a hydrophobic tail
(amphipathic)
Phospholipids contain fatty acids bound to glycerol by ester linkages. Any one of the
several phosphate-containing compounds replaces one of the fatty acids, giving these
amphipathic properties.
Fluid mosaic model biological membranes consist of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
This model of membrane structure describes a phospholipid bilayer in which proteins can move
about within the plane of the membrane.
Passive transport does not require the input of chemical energy to drive them
, Active transport requires the input of chemical energy (metabolic energy)
Central dogma DNA can be used to create a protein, but a protein can never be used to
create DNA. DNA encodes RNA, and RNA encodes proteins. Proteins do not encode proteins,
RNA, or DNA.
Messenger RNA a product of transcription. Travels from the nucleus to the cytoplasm,
where it is translated into a polypeptide.
Transfer RNA translates genetic information in the mRNA into a corresponding sequence
of amino acids to produce a polypeptide.
Ribosomal RNA catalyzes peptide bond formation between amino acids, to form a
polypeptide
Promoter DNA transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to a special sequence of
DNA known as this. "tells " the RNA polymerase where to start transcription and which stranc to
transcribe. Initiation site is where transcription begins.
